TY - JOUR
T1 - Emotion discrimination in humans
T2 - Its association with HSV-1 infection and its improvement with antiviral treatment
AU - Bhatia, Triptish
AU - Wood, Joel
AU - Iyengar, Satish
AU - Narayanan, Sreelatha S.
AU - Beniwal, Ram Pratap
AU - Prasad, Konasale M.
AU - Chen, Kehui
AU - Yolken, Robert H.
AU - Dickerson, Faith
AU - Gur, Ruben C.
AU - Gur, Raquel E.
AU - Deshpande, Smita N.
AU - Nimgaonkar, Vishwajit L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funds for this research are from Grants from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, Delhi to SND (SR/CSI/63/2010(G); the Stanley Medical Research Institute, Bethesda MD to RHY, VLN (07R-1712) and FBD (07R-1690); NIH, Bethesda MD to VLN (MH63480; D43 TW009114). The funding agencies are not responsible for the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; nor for preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
Funds for this research are from Grants from the Department of Science and Technology , Government of India, Delhi to SND ( SR/CSI/63/2010(G) ; the Stanley Medical Research Institute , Bethesda MD to RHY, VLN ( 07R-1712 ) and FBD ( 07R-1690 ); NIH , Bethesda MD to VLN ( MH63480 ; D43 TW009114 ). The funding agencies are not responsible for the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, or interpretation of the data; nor for preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/3
Y1 - 2018/3
N2 - Background: Herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) infects over 3.4 billion people, world-wide. Though it can cause encephalitis, in the vast majority it is asymptomatic, with lifelong latent infection in neurons. HSV-1 infected individuals have greater cognitive dysfunction than uninfected individuals, particularly persons with schizophrenia – even without encephalitis. We investigated whether HSV-1 related cognitive dysfunction is progressive or remediable. Methods: In a prospective naturalistic follow up sample (PNFU), temporal changes in cognitive functions were analyzed in relation to baseline HSV-1 infection in persons with/without schizophrenia (N = 226). Independently, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), HSV-1 infected, clinically stabilized SZ outpatients received Valacyclovir (VAL, an HSV-1 specific antiviral, 1.5 G twice daily for 16 weeks) or placebo (PLA) added to standard antipsychotic treatment, using a stratified randomization design, following placebo run-in (N = 67). In both samples, HSV-1 infection (seropositivity) was estimated using serum IgG antibodies. Clinical evaluations were blinded to HSV-1 or treatment status. Standardized Z scores for accuracy on eight cognitive domains were analyzed for temporal trajectories using generalized linear models (PNFU) and VAL/PLA differences compared with intent to treat analyses (RCT). Results: PNFU: At baseline, HSV-1 infected participants had significantly lower accuracy scores for Emotion Identification and Discrimination (EMOD), Spatial memory and Spatial ability, regardless of SZ diagnosis (p = 0.025, 0.029, 0.046, respectively). They also had significantly steeper temporal worsening for EMOD (p = 0.03). RCT: EMOD improved in VAL-treated patients (p = 0.048, Cohen's d = 0.43). Conclusions: A proportion of age related decline in EMOD is attributable to HSV-1 infection.
AB - Background: Herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1) infects over 3.4 billion people, world-wide. Though it can cause encephalitis, in the vast majority it is asymptomatic, with lifelong latent infection in neurons. HSV-1 infected individuals have greater cognitive dysfunction than uninfected individuals, particularly persons with schizophrenia – even without encephalitis. We investigated whether HSV-1 related cognitive dysfunction is progressive or remediable. Methods: In a prospective naturalistic follow up sample (PNFU), temporal changes in cognitive functions were analyzed in relation to baseline HSV-1 infection in persons with/without schizophrenia (N = 226). Independently, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), HSV-1 infected, clinically stabilized SZ outpatients received Valacyclovir (VAL, an HSV-1 specific antiviral, 1.5 G twice daily for 16 weeks) or placebo (PLA) added to standard antipsychotic treatment, using a stratified randomization design, following placebo run-in (N = 67). In both samples, HSV-1 infection (seropositivity) was estimated using serum IgG antibodies. Clinical evaluations were blinded to HSV-1 or treatment status. Standardized Z scores for accuracy on eight cognitive domains were analyzed for temporal trajectories using generalized linear models (PNFU) and VAL/PLA differences compared with intent to treat analyses (RCT). Results: PNFU: At baseline, HSV-1 infected participants had significantly lower accuracy scores for Emotion Identification and Discrimination (EMOD), Spatial memory and Spatial ability, regardless of SZ diagnosis (p = 0.025, 0.029, 0.046, respectively). They also had significantly steeper temporal worsening for EMOD (p = 0.03). RCT: EMOD improved in VAL-treated patients (p = 0.048, Cohen's d = 0.43). Conclusions: A proportion of age related decline in EMOD is attributable to HSV-1 infection.
KW - Cognition
KW - Emotion
KW - HSV-1
KW - Herpes virus
KW - Memory
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Valacyclovir
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85027697232&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85027697232&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.001
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2017.08.001
M3 - Article
C2 - 28830742
AN - SCOPUS:85027697232
SN - 0920-9964
VL - 193
SP - 161
EP - 167
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
ER -