TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of coactivation of tongue protrusor and retractor muscles on pharyngeal lumen and airflow in sleep apnea patients
AU - Oliven, Arie
AU - Odeh, Majed
AU - Geitini, Louis
AU - Oliven, Ron
AU - Steinfeld, Uri
AU - Schwartz, Alan R.
AU - Tov, Nave
PY - 2007/11
Y1 - 2007/11
N2 - The present study evaluated the effect of coactivation of tongue protrusors and retractors on pharyngeal patency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The effect of genioglossus (GG), hyoglossus (HG), and coactivation of both on nasal pressure (Pn):flow relationships was evaluated in a sleep study (SlS, n = 7) and during a propofol anesthesia study (AnS, n = 7). GG was stimulated with sublingual surface electrodes in SlS and with intramuscular electrodes in AnS, while HG was stimulated with surface electrodes in both groups. In the AnS, the cross-sectional area (CSA):Pn relationships was measured with a pharyngoscope to estimate velopharyngeal compliance . In the SlS, surface stimulation of GG had no effect on the critical pressure (Pcrit), HG increased Pcrit from 2.8 ± 1.7 to 3.7 ± 1.6 cmH2O, but coactivation lowered Pcrit to 0.2 ± 1.9 cmH2O (P < 0.01 for both). In the AnS, intramuscular stimulation of GG lowered Pcrit from 2.6 ± 1.3 to 1.0 ± 2.8 cmH2O, HG increased Pcrit to 6.2 ± 2.5 cmH2O (P < 0.01), and coactivation had a similar effect to that of GG (Pcrit = 1.2 ± 2.4 cmH2O, P < 0.05). None of the interventions affected significantly velopharyngeal compliance. We conclude that the beneficial effect of coactivation depends on the pattern of GG fiber recruitment: although surface stimulation of GG failed to protrude the tongue, it prevented the occlusive effect of the retractor, thereby improving pharyngeal patency during coactivation. Stimulation of deeper GG fibers with intramuscular electrodes enlarged the pharynx, and coactivation had no additive effect.
AB - The present study evaluated the effect of coactivation of tongue protrusors and retractors on pharyngeal patency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The effect of genioglossus (GG), hyoglossus (HG), and coactivation of both on nasal pressure (Pn):flow relationships was evaluated in a sleep study (SlS, n = 7) and during a propofol anesthesia study (AnS, n = 7). GG was stimulated with sublingual surface electrodes in SlS and with intramuscular electrodes in AnS, while HG was stimulated with surface electrodes in both groups. In the AnS, the cross-sectional area (CSA):Pn relationships was measured with a pharyngoscope to estimate velopharyngeal compliance . In the SlS, surface stimulation of GG had no effect on the critical pressure (Pcrit), HG increased Pcrit from 2.8 ± 1.7 to 3.7 ± 1.6 cmH2O, but coactivation lowered Pcrit to 0.2 ± 1.9 cmH2O (P < 0.01 for both). In the AnS, intramuscular stimulation of GG lowered Pcrit from 2.6 ± 1.3 to 1.0 ± 2.8 cmH2O, HG increased Pcrit to 6.2 ± 2.5 cmH2O (P < 0.01), and coactivation had a similar effect to that of GG (Pcrit = 1.2 ± 2.4 cmH2O, P < 0.05). None of the interventions affected significantly velopharyngeal compliance. We conclude that the beneficial effect of coactivation depends on the pattern of GG fiber recruitment: although surface stimulation of GG failed to protrude the tongue, it prevented the occlusive effect of the retractor, thereby improving pharyngeal patency during coactivation. Stimulation of deeper GG fibers with intramuscular electrodes enlarged the pharynx, and coactivation had no additive effect.
KW - Genioglossus
KW - Hyoglossus
KW - Pharynx
KW - Sleep apnea
KW - Tongue muscles
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U2 - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00620.2007
DO - 10.1152/japplphysiol.00620.2007
M3 - Article
C2 - 17673558
AN - SCOPUS:35648946277
SN - 8750-7587
VL - 103
SP - 1662
EP - 1668
JO - Journal of applied physiology
JF - Journal of applied physiology
IS - 5
ER -