TY - GEN
T1 - Dual-Energy Cone-Beam CT with Three-Material Decomposition for Bone Marrow Edema Imaging
AU - Liu, Stephen Z.
AU - Herbst, Magdalena
AU - Weber, Thomas
AU - Vogt, Sebastian
AU - Ritschl, Ludwig
AU - Kappler, Steffen
AU - Siewerdsen, Jeffrey H.
AU - Zbijewski, Wojciech
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by academic-industrial collaboration with Siemens Healthineers, XP Division, and by NIH R01 EB025470. The presented method in not commercially available. Due to regulatory reasons, Siemens Healthineers Multitom Rax in not available in all countries, and its future availability cannot be guaranteed.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 SPIE.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - We investigate the feasibility of bone marrow edema (BME) detection using a kV-switching Dual-Energy (DE) Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) protocol. This task is challenging due to unmatched x-ray paths in the low-energy (LE) and high-energy (HE) spectral channels, CBCT non-idealities such as x-ray scatter, and narrow spectral separation between fat (bone marrow) and water (BME). We propose a comprehensive DE decomposition framework consisting of projection interpolation onto matching LE and HE view angles, fast Monte Carlo scatter correction with low number of tracked photons and Gaussian denoising, and two-stage three-material decompositions involving two-material (fat-Aluminium) Projection-Domain Decomposition (PDD) followed by image-domain three-material (fat-water-bone) base-change. Performance in BME detection was evaluated in simulations and experiments emulating a kV-switching CBCT wrist imaging protocol on a robotic x-ray system with 60 kV LE beam, 120 kV HE beam, and 0.5° angular shift between the LE and HE views. Cubic B-spline interpolation was found to be adequate to resample HE and LE projections of a wrist onto common view angles required by PDD. The DE decomposition maintained acceptable BME detection specificity (<0.2 mL erroneously detected BME volume compared to 0.85 mL true BME volume) over +/-10% range of scatter magnitude errors, as long as the scatter shape was estimated without major distortions. Physical test bench experiments demonstrated successful discrimination of ~20% change in fat concentrations in trabecular bone-mimicking solutions of varying water and fat content.
AB - We investigate the feasibility of bone marrow edema (BME) detection using a kV-switching Dual-Energy (DE) Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) protocol. This task is challenging due to unmatched x-ray paths in the low-energy (LE) and high-energy (HE) spectral channels, CBCT non-idealities such as x-ray scatter, and narrow spectral separation between fat (bone marrow) and water (BME). We propose a comprehensive DE decomposition framework consisting of projection interpolation onto matching LE and HE view angles, fast Monte Carlo scatter correction with low number of tracked photons and Gaussian denoising, and two-stage three-material decompositions involving two-material (fat-Aluminium) Projection-Domain Decomposition (PDD) followed by image-domain three-material (fat-water-bone) base-change. Performance in BME detection was evaluated in simulations and experiments emulating a kV-switching CBCT wrist imaging protocol on a robotic x-ray system with 60 kV LE beam, 120 kV HE beam, and 0.5° angular shift between the LE and HE views. Cubic B-spline interpolation was found to be adequate to resample HE and LE projections of a wrist onto common view angles required by PDD. The DE decomposition maintained acceptable BME detection specificity (<0.2 mL erroneously detected BME volume compared to 0.85 mL true BME volume) over +/-10% range of scatter magnitude errors, as long as the scatter shape was estimated without major distortions. Physical test bench experiments demonstrated successful discrimination of ~20% change in fat concentrations in trabecular bone-mimicking solutions of varying water and fat content.
KW - bone marrow edema
KW - cone-beam CT
KW - dual-energy CT
KW - multi-material decomposition
KW - quantitative imaging
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U2 - 10.1117/12.2646391
DO - 10.1117/12.2646391
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85141799655
T3 - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
BT - 7th International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography
A2 - Stayman, Joseph Webster
PB - SPIE
T2 - 7th International Conference on Image Formation in X-Ray Computed Tomography
Y2 - 12 June 2022 through 16 June 2022
ER -