@article{51d3a9068cdf4d85896be61d7733b2dd,
title = "Diverse cellular morphologies during lumen maturation in Anopheles gambiae larval salivary glands",
abstract = "Mosquitoes are the greatest animal threat to human health, causing hundreds of millions of infections and around 1 million deaths each year. All mosquito-borne pathogens must traverse the salivary glands (SGs) to be transmitted to the next host, making this organ an ideal target for interventions. The adult SG develops from precursor cells located in the larval SG duct bud. Characterization of the larval SG has been limited. We sought to better understand larval SG architecture, secretion and gene expression. We developed an optimized method for larval SG staining and surveyed hundreds of larval stage 4 (L4) SGs using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Remarkable variation in SG cell and chromatin organization differed among individuals and across the L4 stage. Lumen formation occurred during L4 stage through secretion likely involving a coincident cellular apical lipid enrichment and extracellular vesicle-like structures. Meta-analysis of microarray data showed that larval SG gene expression is divergent from adult SGs, more similar to larval gastric cecae, but different from other larval gut compartments. This work highlights the variable cell architecture of larval Anopheles gambiae SGs and provides candidate targets for genetic strategies aiming to disrupt SGs and transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens.",
keywords = "Anopheles, brush border-like, larvae, salivary gland, vesicles",
author = "M. Chiu and B. Trigg and M. Taracena and M. Wells",
note = "Funding Information: We extend our deepest gratitude to Deborah Andrew for funding (NIH grant numbers 5RO1DE013899 and R21AI153588 to Deborah J. Andrew), including salary support (MC, MW), reagent and equipment costs and use of lab‐generated antibodies), intellectual input, project planning and comments on the manuscript. We humbly thank the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute for funding through a JHMRI Postdoctoral Fellowship (to MW) and bridge funding (to Deborah J. Andrew, for MC) to support completion of this work. We are grateful to the other members of the Andrew lab for their analysis and discussion of this work, as well as many JHMRI member faculty and trainees for fruitful conversations and advice. We thank the JHMRI Insectary and manager Chris Kizito for access to, and rearing of, larvae. We deeply appreciate assistance from the JHU Microscope Facility staff and applicable NIH grant support for the microscope used (NIH Grant #: S10OD016374). We sincerely appreciate kind gifts of antisera aliquots from Elizabeth Chen, Julian Hillyer, Hiroyuki Matsuoka, and Christian Dahmann. Multiple aliquots of various antisera were obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, created by the NICHD of the NIH and maintained at The University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA 52242. We thank Giuseppe La Rocca (EGI) for kind assistance with the EGI Marketplace access of Chipster (Kallio ., 2011 ). We sincerely acknowledge the work of multiple labs in creation of the microarray data (Baker ., 2011 ; Neira Oviedo ., 2008 ; 2009 ) meta‐analysed in this study. Anopheles gambiae et al et al et al Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Royal Entomological Society",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1111/imb.12689",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "30",
pages = "210--230",
journal = "Insect molecular biology",
issn = "0962-1075",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "2",
}