TY - JOUR
T1 - Disease risk near point sources
T2 - Statistical issues for analyses using individual or spatially aggregated data
AU - Diggle, Peter
AU - Elliott, Paul
PY - 1995
Y1 - 1995
N2 - Study objective - To examine the statistical issues involved in the analysis of disease risk near point sources of environmental pollution, where data are held at both the individual and group (areal) level. To explore these issues with reference to possible socioeconomic confounding. Design - Statistical review. Setting - Point sources of environmental pollution. Main results - Except in very specific circumstances unlikely to hold in practice, aggregation of data to the areal level will lead to bias in the estimation of disease risk. Conclusions - There is no easy solution to the analysis of spatial data when some covariates (for example, age and sex of cases) are known at individual level, whereas others (for example, populations, age-sex distributions, small area deprivation indices) are known only at the areal (ecological) level. The underlying assumptions inherent in the analysis of these data need to be explicitly recognised in order to understand better the limitations of the available methodology as well as to inform interpretation of results. Ideally, the data should be kept as disaggregated as possible, to maximise the information available and minimise potential for bias.
AB - Study objective - To examine the statistical issues involved in the analysis of disease risk near point sources of environmental pollution, where data are held at both the individual and group (areal) level. To explore these issues with reference to possible socioeconomic confounding. Design - Statistical review. Setting - Point sources of environmental pollution. Main results - Except in very specific circumstances unlikely to hold in practice, aggregation of data to the areal level will lead to bias in the estimation of disease risk. Conclusions - There is no easy solution to the analysis of spatial data when some covariates (for example, age and sex of cases) are known at individual level, whereas others (for example, populations, age-sex distributions, small area deprivation indices) are known only at the areal (ecological) level. The underlying assumptions inherent in the analysis of these data need to be explicitly recognised in order to understand better the limitations of the available methodology as well as to inform interpretation of results. Ideally, the data should be kept as disaggregated as possible, to maximise the information available and minimise potential for bias.
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U2 - 10.1136/jech.49.Suppl_2.S20
DO - 10.1136/jech.49.Suppl_2.S20
M3 - Article
C2 - 8594128
AN - SCOPUS:0029616115
SN - 0143-005X
VL - 49
JO - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
IS - SUPPL. 2
ER -