Discharge Education and Caregiver Coping of Pediatric Patients with a Tracheostomy: Systematic Review

AIM: The aim of this review was to assess and synthesize current literature evaluating caregiver education and coping after children were discharged with a tracheostomy.

BACKGROUND: Tracheostomy tube placement is a transformative event for the child who receives it and the family members who care for the child. As a result, it is imperative to provide caregivers a comprehensive and effective education on how to care for the tracheostomy and how to cope with a tracheostomy.

DESIGN: A systematic review of literature was conducted to explore practices associated with tracheostomy education among caregivers of pediatric patients with a tracheostomy.

METHODS: A search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science revealed potential 501 articles using keywords, tracheostomy, tracheotomy, education, discharge, caregiver, and family coping. After reviewing them in a systematic fashion, 12 articles were identified that were pertinent to tracheostomy education.

FINDINGS: This review of literature showed that discrepancies existed in how discharge education was provided and the lack of knowledge regarding tracheostomy care among caregivers despite formal education. Moreover, the caregivers reported variations in their coping capabilities and quality of life while caring for their children with a tracheostomy tube.

CONCLUSION: Literature on discharge education regarding tracheostomy management among caregivers of children with a tracheostomy tube is limited. Studies report poor coping strategies and quality of life among caregivers of children with a tracheostomy tube. Studies have significant limitations. Further research is warranted to understand the current practices with discharge education and follow-up of these patients at home settings.