TY - JOUR
T1 - Diabetes and CVD Risk
T2 - Special Considerations in African Americans Related to Care
AU - Wittwer, Jennifer A.
AU - Golden, Sherita Hill
AU - Joseph, Joshua J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Dr. Joseph received funding from The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program ID# 76236) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23 DK117041) of the National Institutes of Health.
Funding Information:
Jennifer Wittwer and Joshua J. Joseph declare no conflict of interest. Sherita Golden received research funding from Merck and Co., Inc.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2020/10/1
Y1 - 2020/10/1
N2 - Purpose of Review: Among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death regardless of ethnicity. However, recent studies suggest that special considerations should be taken into account when caring for African Americans with T2D, as risk factors, incidence, prevalence, and mortality differ from other populations. This review highlights literature supporting the unique characteristics of managing cardiovascular risk and mortality in African Americans (AAs) with T2D. Recent Findings: African Americans have an increased risk of developing T2D and have a higher prevalence of T2D compared with non-Hispanic whites. Certain cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension and obesity, are particularly challenging in African Americans with T2D and influence CVD and mortality. Treatment regimens including lifestyle modification, pharmacologic interventions, and surgery to manage T2D in patients of all populations may not produce equitable outcomes in African Americans. Particularly, newer cardiovascular outcome trials for sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucose-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have disparate effect estimates for major adverse cardiovascular event reduction in African Americans. Thus, research focused on cardiovascular risk reduction in African Americans is of paramount importance. Summary: In summary, there are numerous discrepancies in the outcomes of recent cardiovascular risk trials for the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of African Americans with T2D. Future investigations must lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes through evidence-based care of T2D in African Americans if we are to continue to lower the burden of CVD in the USA.
AB - Purpose of Review: Among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death regardless of ethnicity. However, recent studies suggest that special considerations should be taken into account when caring for African Americans with T2D, as risk factors, incidence, prevalence, and mortality differ from other populations. This review highlights literature supporting the unique characteristics of managing cardiovascular risk and mortality in African Americans (AAs) with T2D. Recent Findings: African Americans have an increased risk of developing T2D and have a higher prevalence of T2D compared with non-Hispanic whites. Certain cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension and obesity, are particularly challenging in African Americans with T2D and influence CVD and mortality. Treatment regimens including lifestyle modification, pharmacologic interventions, and surgery to manage T2D in patients of all populations may not produce equitable outcomes in African Americans. Particularly, newer cardiovascular outcome trials for sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucose-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have disparate effect estimates for major adverse cardiovascular event reduction in African Americans. Thus, research focused on cardiovascular risk reduction in African Americans is of paramount importance. Summary: In summary, there are numerous discrepancies in the outcomes of recent cardiovascular risk trials for the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of African Americans with T2D. Future investigations must lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes through evidence-based care of T2D in African Americans if we are to continue to lower the burden of CVD in the USA.
KW - African Americans
KW - Antihyperglycemic medications
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Diabetes
KW - Health disparities
KW - Social determinants of health
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U2 - 10.1007/s12170-020-00648-2
DO - 10.1007/s12170-020-00648-2
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85089193182
SN - 1932-9520
VL - 14
JO - Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
JF - Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
IS - 10
M1 - 15
ER -