Development of a customizable hepatic arterial tree and particle transport model for use in treatment planning

Optimal treatment planning for radioembolization of hepatic cancers produces sufficient dose to tumors for control and dose to normal liver parenchyma that is below the threshold for toxicity. The nonuniform distribution of particles in liver microanatomy complicates the planning process as different functional regions receive different doses. Having realistic and patient-specific models of the arterial tree and microsphere trapping would be useful for developing more optimal treatment plans. We propose a macrocell-based growth method to generate models of the hepatic arterial tree from the proper hepatic artery to the terminal arterioles supplying the capillaries in the parenchyma. We show how these trees can be adapted to match patient values of pressure, flow, and vessel diameters while still conforming to laws controlling vessel bifurcation, changes in pressure, and blood flow. We also introduce a method to model particle transport within the tree that accounts for vessel and particle diameter distributions and show the nonuniform microsphere deposition pattern that results. Potential applications include investigating dose heterogeneity and microsphere deposition patterns.