Dependence of T Cell Antigen Recognition on T Cell Receptor-Peptide MHC Confinement Time

T cell receptor (TCR) binding to diverse peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligands results in various degrees of T cell activation. Here we analyze which binding properties of the TCR-pMHC interaction are responsible for this variation in pMHC activation potency. We have analyzed activation of the 1G4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte clone by cognate pMHC variants and performed thorough correlation analysis of T cell activation with 1G4 TCR-pMHC binding properties measured in solution. We found that both the on rate (k_on) and off rate (k_off) contribute to activation potency. Based on our results, we propose a model in which rapid TCR rebinding to the same pMHC after chemical dissociation increases the effective half-life or "confinement time" of a TCR-pMHC interaction. This confinement time model clarifies the role of k_on in T cell activation and reconciles apparently contradictory reports on the role of TCR-pMHC binding kinetics and affinity in T cell activation.