TY - JOUR
T1 - Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Among U.S. Veterans With a History of MDD or PTSD
T2 - A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on Sex and Race
AU - Bhattarai, Jagriti “Jackie”
AU - Oehlert, Mary E.
AU - Multon, Karen D.
AU - Sumerall, Scott W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This material is the result of work supported with resources and the use of facilities at VA Eastern Kansas Health Care System, Leavenworth and Topeka, Kansas, USA. The first author is currently a postdoctoral fellow supported by the Mentor-Based Postdoctoral Fellowship Program in Rehabilitation Research from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Grant Contract Number MB 0032 (PI: Beier).
Funding Information:
Support for this study and preparation for the article was provided by the Office of Research and Development, VA Eastern Kansas Health Care System, and the Department of Educational Psychology, University of Kansas. Additional guidance related to study methodology and data analyses were provided by Tom McDonald, Changming Duan, and Tom Krieshok at the University of Kansas.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2018.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/9/1
Y1 - 2019/9/1
N2 - Objective: The aim of this study was to examine major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosed at age < 55 as predictors, and sex and race as potential moderators, of dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment. Method: Veterans (N = 4,800) aged ⩾ 56 years were grouped by psychiatric history, sex, and race. Hierarchical and stepwise regression were employed to determine significant predictors. Results: MDD and PTSD were associated with almost double the risk for developing dementia or cognitive impairment at age ⩾ 56. Sex, as a moderator, had small effects whereas race increased the risk almost twofold for Black veterans, given the presence of MDD history. Discussion: MDD and PTSD act as significant risk factors for dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment, and Black veterans, given a history of MDD, may be at an increased risk. An important endeavor for future research is to examine how this risk may vary across dementia subtypes and related conditions.
AB - Objective: The aim of this study was to examine major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosed at age < 55 as predictors, and sex and race as potential moderators, of dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment. Method: Veterans (N = 4,800) aged ⩾ 56 years were grouped by psychiatric history, sex, and race. Hierarchical and stepwise regression were employed to determine significant predictors. Results: MDD and PTSD were associated with almost double the risk for developing dementia or cognitive impairment at age ⩾ 56. Sex, as a moderator, had small effects whereas race increased the risk almost twofold for Black veterans, given the presence of MDD history. Discussion: MDD and PTSD act as significant risk factors for dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment, and Black veterans, given a history of MDD, may be at an increased risk. An important endeavor for future research is to examine how this risk may vary across dementia subtypes and related conditions.
KW - cognitive dysfunction
KW - risk factors
KW - stress disorders
KW - veterans
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U2 - 10.1177/0898264318781131
DO - 10.1177/0898264318781131
M3 - Article
C2 - 29900802
AN - SCOPUS:85048863644
SN - 0898-2643
VL - 31
SP - 1398
EP - 1422
JO - Journal of Aging and Health
JF - Journal of Aging and Health
IS - 8
ER -