Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

Yin Wu; Brooke Levis; Federico M. Daray; John P.A. Ioannidis; Scott B. Patten; Pim Cuijpers; Roy C. Ziegelstein; Simon Gilbody; Felix H. Fischer; Suiqiong Fan; Ying Sun; Chen He; Ankur Krishnan; Dipika Neupane; Parash Mani Bhandari; Zelalem Negeri; Kira E. Riehm; Danielle B. Rice; Marleine Azar; Xin Wei Yan; Mahrukh Imran; Matthew J. Chiovitti; Jill T. Boruff; Dean McMillan; Lorie A. Kloda; Sarah Markham; Melissa Henry; Zahinoor Ismail; Carmen G. Loiselle; Nicholas D. Mitchell; Samir Al-Adawi; Kevin R. Beck; Anna Beraldi; Charles N. Bernstein; Birgitte Boye; Natalie Büel-Drabe; Adomas Bunevicius; Ceyhun Can; Gregory Carter; Chih Ken Chen; Gary Cheung; Kerrie Clover; Ronán M. Conroy; Gema Costa-Requena; Daniel Cukor; Eli Dabscheck; Jennifer De Souza; Marina Downing; Anthony Feinstein; Panagiotis P. Ferentinos; Alastair J. Flint; Pamela Gallagher; Milena Gandy; Luigi Grassi; Martin Härter; Asuncion Hernando; Melinda L. Jackson; Josef Jenewein; Nathalie Jetté; Miguel Julião; Marie Kjærgaard; Sebastian Köhler; Hans Helmut König; Lalit K.R. Krishna; Yu Lee; Margrit Löbner; Wim L. Loosman; Anthony W. Love; Bernd Löwe; Ulrik F. Malt; Ruth Ann Marrie; Loreto Massardo; Yutaka Matsuoka; Anja Mehnert; Ioannis Michopoulos; Laurent Misery; Christian J. Nelson; Chong Guan Ng; Meaghan L. O’Donnell; Suzanne J. O’Rourke; Ahmet Öztürk; Alexander Pabst; Julie A. Pasco; Jurate Peceliuniene; Luis Pintor; Jennie L. Ponsford; Federico Pulido; Terence J. Quinn; Silje E. Reme; Katrin Reuter; Steffi G. Riedel-Heller; Alasdair G. Rooney; Roberto Sánchez-González; Rebecca M. Saracino; Melanie P.J. Schellekens; Martin Scherer; Marcelo L. Schwarzbold; Vesile Senturk Cankorur; Louise Sharpe; Michael Sharpe; Sébastien Simard; Susanne Singer; Lesley Stafford; Jon Stone; Natalie A. Strobel; Serge Sultan; Antonio L. Teixeira; Istvan Tiringer; Alyna Turner; Jane Walker; Mark Walterfang; Liang Jen Wang; Siegfried B. Weyerer; Jennifer White; Birgitt Wiese; Lana J. Williams; Lai Yi Wong; Andrea Benedetti; Brett D. Thombs

doi:10.1037/pas0001181

Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

Yin Wu, Brooke Levis, Federico M. Daray, John P.A. Ioannidis, Scott B. Patten, Pim Cuijpers, Roy C. Ziegelstein, Simon Gilbody, Felix H. Fischer, Suiqiong Fan, Ying Sun, Chen He, Ankur Krishnan, Dipika Neupane, Parash Mani Bhandari, Zelalem Negeri, Kira E. Riehm, Danielle B. Rice, Marleine Azar, Xin Wei YanMahrukh Imran, Matthew J. Chiovitti, Jill T. Boruff, Dean McMillan, Lorie A. Kloda, Sarah Markham, Melissa Henry, Zahinoor Ismail, Carmen G. Loiselle, Nicholas D. Mitchell, Samir Al-Adawi, Kevin R. Beck, Anna Beraldi, Charles N. Bernstein, Birgitte Boye, Natalie Büel-Drabe, Adomas Bunevicius, Ceyhun Can, Gregory Carter, Chih Ken Chen, Gary Cheung, Kerrie Clover, Ronán M. Conroy, Gema Costa-Requena, Daniel Cukor, Eli Dabscheck, Jennifer De Souza, Marina Downing, Anthony Feinstein, Panagiotis P. Ferentinos, Alastair J. Flint, Pamela Gallagher, Milena Gandy, Luigi Grassi, Martin Härter, Asuncion Hernando, Melinda L. Jackson, Josef Jenewein, Nathalie Jetté, Miguel Julião, Marie Kjærgaard, Sebastian Köhler, Hans Helmut König, Lalit K.R. Krishna, Yu Lee, Margrit Löbner, Wim L. Loosman, Anthony W. Love, Bernd Löwe, Ulrik F. Malt, Ruth Ann Marrie, Loreto Massardo, Yutaka Matsuoka, Anja Mehnert, Ioannis Michopoulos, Laurent Misery, Christian J. Nelson, Chong Guan Ng, Meaghan L. O’Donnell, Suzanne J. O’Rourke, Ahmet Öztürk, Alexander Pabst, Julie A. Pasco, Jurate Peceliuniene, Luis Pintor, Jennie L. Ponsford, Federico Pulido, Terence J. Quinn, Silje E. Reme, Katrin Reuter, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Alasdair G. Rooney, Roberto Sánchez-González, Rebecca M. Saracino, Melanie P.J. Schellekens, Martin Scherer, Marcelo L. Schwarzbold, Vesile Senturk Cankorur, Louise Sharpe, Michael Sharpe, Sébastien Simard, Susanne Singer, Lesley Stafford, Jon Stone, Natalie A. Strobel, Serge Sultan, Antonio L. Teixeira, Istvan Tiringer, Alyna Turner, Jane Walker, Mark Walterfang, Liang Jen Wang, Siegfried B. Weyerer, Jennifer White, Birgitt Wiese, Lana J. Williams, Lai Yi Wong, Andrea Benedetti, Brett D. Thombs

School of Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The seven-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) and the total score of the 14-item HADS (HADS-T) are both used for major depression screening. Compared to the HADS-D, the HADS-T includes anxiety items and requires more time to complete. We compared the screening accuracy of the HADS-D and HADS-T for major depression detection. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis and fit bivariate random effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy among participants with both HADS-D and HADS-T scores. We identified optimal cutoffs, estimated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals, and compared screening accuracy across paired cutoffs via two-stage and individual-level models. We used a 0.05 equivalence margin to assess equivalency in sensitivity and specificity. 20,700 participants (2,285 major depression cases) from 98 studies were included. Cutoffs of ≥7 for the HADS-D (sensitivity 0.79 [0.75, 0.83], specificity 0.78 [0.75, 0.80]) and ≥15 for the HADS-T (sensitivity 0.79 [0.76, 0.82], specificity 0.81 [0.78, 0.83]) minimized the distance to the top-left corner of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Across all sets of paired cutoffs evaluated, differences of sensitivity between HADS-T and HADS-D ranged from −0.05 to 0.01 (0.00 at paired optimal cutoffs), and differences of specificity were within 0.03 for all cutoffs (0.02–0.03). The pattern was similar among outpatients, although the HADS-T was slightly (not nonequivalently) more specific among inpatients. The accuracy of HADS-T was equivalent to the HADS-D for detecting major depression. In most settings, the shorter HADS-D would be preferred.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	94-114
Number of pages	21
Journal	Psychological Assessment
Volume	35
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001181
State	Published - 2023

Keywords

HADS-D
HADS-T
depression screening
diagnostic accuracy
individual participant data meta-analysis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Psychiatry and Mental health
Clinical Psychology

Access to Document

10.1037/pas0001181

Cite this

Wu, Y., Levis, B., Daray, F. M., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Patten, S. B., Cuijpers, P., Ziegelstein, R. C., Gilbody, S., Fischer, F. H., Fan, S., Sun, Y., He, C., Krishnan, A., Neupane, D., Bhandari, P. M., Negeri, Z., Riehm, K. E., Rice, D. B., Azar, M., ... Thombs, B. D. (2023). Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Psychological Assessment, 35(2), 94-114. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001181

Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. / Wu, Yin; Levis, Brooke; Daray, Federico M. et al.
In: Psychological Assessment, Vol. 35, No. 2, 2023, p. 94-114.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Wu, Y, Levis, B, Daray, FM, Ioannidis, JPA, Patten, SB, Cuijpers, P, Ziegelstein, RC, Gilbody, S, Fischer, FH, Fan, S, Sun, Y, He, C, Krishnan, A, Neupane, D, Bhandari, PM, Negeri, Z, Riehm, KE, Rice, DB, Azar, M, Yan, XW, Imran, M, Chiovitti, MJ, Boruff, JT, McMillan, D, Kloda, LA, Markham, S, Henry, M, Ismail, Z, Loiselle, CG, Mitchell, ND, Al-Adawi, S, Beck, KR, Beraldi, A, Bernstein, CN, Boye, B, Büel-Drabe, N, Bunevicius, A, Can, C, Carter, G, Chen, CK, Cheung, G, Clover, K, Conroy, RM, Costa-Requena, G, Cukor, D, Dabscheck, E, De Souza, J, Downing, M, Feinstein, A, Ferentinos, PP, Flint, AJ, Gallagher, P, Gandy, M, Grassi, L, Härter, M, Hernando, A, Jackson, ML, Jenewein, J, Jetté, N, Julião, M, Kjærgaard, M, Köhler, S, König, HH, Krishna, LKR, Lee, Y, Löbner, M, Loosman, WL, Love, AW, Löwe, B, Malt, UF, Marrie, RA, Massardo, L, Matsuoka, Y, Mehnert, A, Michopoulos, I, Misery, L, Nelson, CJ, Ng, CG, O’Donnell, ML, O’Rourke, SJ, Öztürk, A, Pabst, A, Pasco, JA, Peceliuniene, J, Pintor, L, Ponsford, JL, Pulido, F, Quinn, TJ, Reme, SE, Reuter, K, Riedel-Heller, SG, Rooney, AG, Sánchez-González, R, Saracino, RM, Schellekens, MPJ, Scherer, M, Schwarzbold, ML, Cankorur, VS, Sharpe, L, Sharpe, M, Simard, S, Singer, S, Stafford, L, Stone, J, Strobel, NA, Sultan, S, Teixeira, AL, Tiringer, I, Turner, A, Walker, J, Walterfang, M, Wang, LJ, Weyerer, SB, White, J, Wiese, B, Williams, LJ, Wong, LY, Benedetti, A & Thombs, BD 2023, 'Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis', Psychological Assessment, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 94-114. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001181

@article{b045bd28057348638834a8c66c9469b9,

title = "Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis",

abstract = "The seven-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) and the total score of the 14-item HADS (HADS-T) are both used for major depression screening. Compared to the HADS-D, the HADS-T includes anxiety items and requires more time to complete. We compared the screening accuracy of the HADS-D and HADS-T for major depression detection. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis and fit bivariate random effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy among participants with both HADS-D and HADS-T scores. We identified optimal cutoffs, estimated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals, and compared screening accuracy across paired cutoffs via two-stage and individual-level models. We used a 0.05 equivalence margin to assess equivalency in sensitivity and specificity. 20,700 participants (2,285 major depression cases) from 98 studies were included. Cutoffs of ≥7 for the HADS-D (sensitivity 0.79 [0.75, 0.83], specificity 0.78 [0.75, 0.80]) and ≥15 for the HADS-T (sensitivity 0.79 [0.76, 0.82], specificity 0.81 [0.78, 0.83]) minimized the distance to the top-left corner of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Across all sets of paired cutoffs evaluated, differences of sensitivity between HADS-T and HADS-D ranged from −0.05 to 0.01 (0.00 at paired optimal cutoffs), and differences of specificity were within 0.03 for all cutoffs (0.02–0.03). The pattern was similar among outpatients, although the HADS-T was slightly (not nonequivalently) more specific among inpatients. The accuracy of HADS-T was equivalent to the HADS-D for detecting major depression. In most settings, the shorter HADS-D would be preferred.",

keywords = "HADS-D, HADS-T, depression screening, diagnostic accuracy, individual participant data meta-analysis",

author = "Yin Wu and Brooke Levis and Daray, {Federico M.} and Ioannidis, {John P.A.} and Patten, {Scott B.} and Pim Cuijpers and Ziegelstein, {Roy C.} and Simon Gilbody and Fischer, {Felix H.} and Suiqiong Fan and Ying Sun and Chen He and Ankur Krishnan and Dipika Neupane and Bhandari, {Parash Mani} and Zelalem Negeri and Riehm, {Kira E.} and Rice, {Danielle B.} and Marleine Azar and Yan, {Xin Wei} and Mahrukh Imran and Chiovitti, {Matthew J.} and Boruff, {Jill T.} and Dean McMillan and Kloda, {Lorie A.} and Sarah Markham and Melissa Henry and Zahinoor Ismail and Loiselle, {Carmen G.} and Mitchell, {Nicholas D.} and Samir Al-Adawi and Beck, {Kevin R.} and Anna Beraldi and Bernstein, {Charles N.} and Birgitte Boye and Natalie B{\"u}el-Drabe and Adomas Bunevicius and Ceyhun Can and Gregory Carter and Chen, {Chih Ken} and Gary Cheung and Kerrie Clover and Conroy, {Ron{\'a}n M.} and Gema Costa-Requena and Daniel Cukor and Eli Dabscheck and {De Souza}, Jennifer and Marina Downing and Anthony Feinstein and Ferentinos, {Panagiotis P.} and Flint, {Alastair J.} and Pamela Gallagher and Milena Gandy and Luigi Grassi and Martin H{\"a}rter and Asuncion Hernando and Jackson, {Melinda L.} and Josef Jenewein and Nathalie Jett{\'e} and Miguel Juli{\~a}o and Marie Kj{\ae}rgaard and Sebastian K{\"o}hler and K{\"o}nig, {Hans Helmut} and Krishna, {Lalit K.R.} and Yu Lee and Margrit L{\"o}bner and Loosman, {Wim L.} and Love, {Anthony W.} and Bernd L{\"o}we and Malt, {Ulrik F.} and Marrie, {Ruth Ann} and Loreto Massardo and Yutaka Matsuoka and Anja Mehnert and Ioannis Michopoulos and Laurent Misery and Nelson, {Christian J.} and Ng, {Chong Guan} and O{\textquoteright}Donnell, {Meaghan L.} and O{\textquoteright}Rourke, {Suzanne J.} and Ahmet {\"O}zt{\"u}rk and Alexander Pabst and Pasco, {Julie A.} and Jurate Peceliuniene and Luis Pintor and Ponsford, {Jennie L.} and Federico Pulido and Quinn, {Terence J.} and Reme, {Silje E.} and Katrin Reuter and Riedel-Heller, {Steffi G.} and Rooney, {Alasdair G.} and Roberto S{\'a}nchez-Gonz{\'a}lez and Saracino, {Rebecca M.} and Schellekens, {Melanie P.J.} and Martin Scherer and Schwarzbold, {Marcelo L.} and Cankorur, {Vesile Senturk} and Louise Sharpe and Michael Sharpe and S{\'e}bastien Simard and Susanne Singer and Lesley Stafford and Jon Stone and Strobel, {Natalie A.} and Serge Sultan and Teixeira, {Antonio L.} and Istvan Tiringer and Alyna Turner and Jane Walker and Mark Walterfang and Wang, {Liang Jen} and Weyerer, {Siegfried B.} and Jennifer White and Birgitt Wiese and Williams, {Lana J.} and Wong, {Lai Yi} and Andrea Benedetti and Thombs, {Brett D.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 American Psychological Association",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.1037/pas0001181",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "35",

pages = "94--114",

journal = "Psychological Assessment",

issn = "1040-3590",

publisher = "American Psychological Association Inc.",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression

T2 - A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

AU - Wu, Yin

AU - Levis, Brooke

AU - Daray, Federico M.

AU - Ioannidis, John P.A.

AU - Patten, Scott B.

AU - Cuijpers, Pim

AU - Ziegelstein, Roy C.

AU - Gilbody, Simon

AU - Fischer, Felix H.

AU - Fan, Suiqiong

AU - Sun, Ying

AU - He, Chen

AU - Krishnan, Ankur

AU - Neupane, Dipika

AU - Bhandari, Parash Mani

AU - Negeri, Zelalem

AU - Riehm, Kira E.

AU - Rice, Danielle B.

AU - Azar, Marleine

AU - Yan, Xin Wei

AU - Imran, Mahrukh

AU - Chiovitti, Matthew J.

AU - Boruff, Jill T.

AU - McMillan, Dean

AU - Kloda, Lorie A.

AU - Markham, Sarah

AU - Henry, Melissa

AU - Ismail, Zahinoor

AU - Loiselle, Carmen G.

AU - Mitchell, Nicholas D.

AU - Al-Adawi, Samir

AU - Beck, Kevin R.

AU - Beraldi, Anna

AU - Bernstein, Charles N.

AU - Boye, Birgitte

AU - Büel-Drabe, Natalie

AU - Bunevicius, Adomas

AU - Can, Ceyhun

AU - Carter, Gregory

AU - Chen, Chih Ken

AU - Cheung, Gary

AU - Clover, Kerrie

AU - Conroy, Ronán M.

AU - Costa-Requena, Gema

AU - Cukor, Daniel

AU - Dabscheck, Eli

AU - De Souza, Jennifer

AU - Downing, Marina

AU - Feinstein, Anthony

AU - Ferentinos, Panagiotis P.

AU - Flint, Alastair J.

AU - Gallagher, Pamela

AU - Gandy, Milena

AU - Grassi, Luigi

AU - Härter, Martin

AU - Hernando, Asuncion

AU - Jackson, Melinda L.

AU - Jenewein, Josef

AU - Jetté, Nathalie

AU - Julião, Miguel

AU - Kjærgaard, Marie

AU - Köhler, Sebastian

AU - König, Hans Helmut

AU - Krishna, Lalit K.R.

AU - Lee, Yu

AU - Löbner, Margrit

AU - Loosman, Wim L.

AU - Love, Anthony W.

AU - Löwe, Bernd

AU - Malt, Ulrik F.

AU - Marrie, Ruth Ann

AU - Massardo, Loreto

AU - Matsuoka, Yutaka

AU - Mehnert, Anja

AU - Michopoulos, Ioannis

AU - Misery, Laurent

AU - Nelson, Christian J.

AU - Ng, Chong Guan

AU - O’Donnell, Meaghan L.

AU - O’Rourke, Suzanne J.

AU - Öztürk, Ahmet

AU - Pabst, Alexander

AU - Pasco, Julie A.

AU - Peceliuniene, Jurate

AU - Pintor, Luis

AU - Ponsford, Jennie L.

AU - Pulido, Federico

AU - Quinn, Terence J.

AU - Reme, Silje E.

AU - Reuter, Katrin

AU - Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.

AU - Rooney, Alasdair G.

AU - Sánchez-González, Roberto

AU - Saracino, Rebecca M.

AU - Schellekens, Melanie P.J.

AU - Scherer, Martin

AU - Schwarzbold, Marcelo L.

AU - Cankorur, Vesile Senturk

AU - Sharpe, Louise

AU - Sharpe, Michael

AU - Simard, Sébastien

AU - Singer, Susanne

AU - Stafford, Lesley

AU - Stone, Jon

AU - Strobel, Natalie A.

AU - Sultan, Serge

AU - Teixeira, Antonio L.

AU - Tiringer, Istvan

AU - Turner, Alyna

AU - Walker, Jane

AU - Walterfang, Mark

AU - Wang, Liang Jen

AU - Weyerer, Siegfried B.

AU - White, Jennifer

AU - Wiese, Birgitt

AU - Williams, Lana J.

AU - Wong, Lai Yi

AU - Benedetti, Andrea

AU - Thombs, Brett D.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - The seven-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) and the total score of the 14-item HADS (HADS-T) are both used for major depression screening. Compared to the HADS-D, the HADS-T includes anxiety items and requires more time to complete. We compared the screening accuracy of the HADS-D and HADS-T for major depression detection. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis and fit bivariate random effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy among participants with both HADS-D and HADS-T scores. We identified optimal cutoffs, estimated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals, and compared screening accuracy across paired cutoffs via two-stage and individual-level models. We used a 0.05 equivalence margin to assess equivalency in sensitivity and specificity. 20,700 participants (2,285 major depression cases) from 98 studies were included. Cutoffs of ≥7 for the HADS-D (sensitivity 0.79 [0.75, 0.83], specificity 0.78 [0.75, 0.80]) and ≥15 for the HADS-T (sensitivity 0.79 [0.76, 0.82], specificity 0.81 [0.78, 0.83]) minimized the distance to the top-left corner of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Across all sets of paired cutoffs evaluated, differences of sensitivity between HADS-T and HADS-D ranged from −0.05 to 0.01 (0.00 at paired optimal cutoffs), and differences of specificity were within 0.03 for all cutoffs (0.02–0.03). The pattern was similar among outpatients, although the HADS-T was slightly (not nonequivalently) more specific among inpatients. The accuracy of HADS-T was equivalent to the HADS-D for detecting major depression. In most settings, the shorter HADS-D would be preferred.

AB - The seven-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Depression subscale (HADS-D) and the total score of the 14-item HADS (HADS-T) are both used for major depression screening. Compared to the HADS-D, the HADS-T includes anxiety items and requires more time to complete. We compared the screening accuracy of the HADS-D and HADS-T for major depression detection. We conducted an individual participant data meta-analysis and fit bivariate random effects models to assess diagnostic accuracy among participants with both HADS-D and HADS-T scores. We identified optimal cutoffs, estimated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals, and compared screening accuracy across paired cutoffs via two-stage and individual-level models. We used a 0.05 equivalence margin to assess equivalency in sensitivity and specificity. 20,700 participants (2,285 major depression cases) from 98 studies were included. Cutoffs of ≥7 for the HADS-D (sensitivity 0.79 [0.75, 0.83], specificity 0.78 [0.75, 0.80]) and ≥15 for the HADS-T (sensitivity 0.79 [0.76, 0.82], specificity 0.81 [0.78, 0.83]) minimized the distance to the top-left corner of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Across all sets of paired cutoffs evaluated, differences of sensitivity between HADS-T and HADS-D ranged from −0.05 to 0.01 (0.00 at paired optimal cutoffs), and differences of specificity were within 0.03 for all cutoffs (0.02–0.03). The pattern was similar among outpatients, although the HADS-T was slightly (not nonequivalently) more specific among inpatients. The accuracy of HADS-T was equivalent to the HADS-D for detecting major depression. In most settings, the shorter HADS-D would be preferred.

KW - HADS-D

KW - HADS-T

KW - depression screening

KW - diagnostic accuracy

KW - individual participant data meta-analysis

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85148952230&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85148952230&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1037/pas0001181

DO - 10.1037/pas0001181

M3 - Article

C2 - 36689386

AN - SCOPUS:85148952230

SN - 1040-3590

VL - 35

SP - 94

EP - 114

JO - Psychological Assessment

JF - Psychological Assessment

IS - 2

ER -

Comparison of the Accuracy of the 7-Item HADS Depression Subscale and 14-Item Total HADS for Screening for Major Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

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