TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical characteristics and outcomes of influenza and other influenza-like illnesses in Mexico City
AU - Galindo-Fraga, Arturo
AU - Ortiz-Hernández, Ana A.
AU - Ramírez-Venegas, Alejandra
AU - Vázquez, Rafael Valdez
AU - Moreno-Espinosa, Sarbelio
AU - Llamosas-Gallardo, Beatriz
AU - Pérez-Patrigeon, Santiago
AU - Salinger, Maggie
AU - Freimanis, Laura
AU - Huang, Chiung yu
AU - Gu, Wenjuan
AU - Guerrero, M. Lourdes
AU - Beigel, John
AU - Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.
N1 - Funding Information:
La Red is funded by the Mexico Ministry of Health and the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This project has been funded in part by funding provided by: CONACYT through FONSEC SSA/IMSS/ISSSTE No. 71260 and No. 127088. Intramural Research Programs of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) through a contract with Westat, Inc., Contract Number: HHSN2722009000031, Task Order Number: HHSN27200002. And through the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 318 under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E.
PY - 2013/7
Y1 - 2013/7
N2 - Background: Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) are estimated to cause millions of deaths annually. Despite this disease burden, the etiologic causes of ILI are poorly described for many geographical regions. Methods: Beginning in April 2010, we conducted an observational cohort study at five hospitals in Mexico City, enrolling subjects who met the criteria for ILI. Evaluations were conducted at enrollment and on day 28, with the collection of clinical data and a nasopharyngeal swab (or nasal aspirate in children). Swabs were tested by multiplex PCR for 15 viral pathogens and real-time PCR for influenza. Results: During the first year, 1065 subjects were enrolled in this study, 55% of whom were hospitalized; 24% of all subjects were children. One or more pathogens were detected by PCR in 64% of subjects, most commonly rhinovirus (25% of all isolates) and influenza (24% of isolates). Six percent of subjects died, and of those, 54% had no pathogen identified. Rhinovirus was the most common pathogen among those who died, although it did not have the highest case fatality rate. Conclusions: Multiple respiratory viruses beyond influenza are associated with significant morbidity and mortality among adults and children in Mexico City. Detection of these agents could be useful for the adjustment of antibiotic treatment in severe cases.
AB - Background: Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) are estimated to cause millions of deaths annually. Despite this disease burden, the etiologic causes of ILI are poorly described for many geographical regions. Methods: Beginning in April 2010, we conducted an observational cohort study at five hospitals in Mexico City, enrolling subjects who met the criteria for ILI. Evaluations were conducted at enrollment and on day 28, with the collection of clinical data and a nasopharyngeal swab (or nasal aspirate in children). Swabs were tested by multiplex PCR for 15 viral pathogens and real-time PCR for influenza. Results: During the first year, 1065 subjects were enrolled in this study, 55% of whom were hospitalized; 24% of all subjects were children. One or more pathogens were detected by PCR in 64% of subjects, most commonly rhinovirus (25% of all isolates) and influenza (24% of isolates). Six percent of subjects died, and of those, 54% had no pathogen identified. Rhinovirus was the most common pathogen among those who died, although it did not have the highest case fatality rate. Conclusions: Multiple respiratory viruses beyond influenza are associated with significant morbidity and mortality among adults and children in Mexico City. Detection of these agents could be useful for the adjustment of antibiotic treatment in severe cases.
KW - Coronavirus
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Hospital burden of disease
KW - Influenza
KW - Respiratory syncytial virus
KW - Respiratory viral pathogens
KW - Rhinovirus
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.006
DO - 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.01.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 23416208
AN - SCOPUS:84877648870
SN - 1201-9712
VL - 17
SP - e510-e517
JO - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 7
ER -