Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (CRSWDs) in Older Adults: A Narrative Review

Purpose of Review: This review briefly highlights the current knowledge about the intersection between circadian rhythm and aging, providing an overview of the diagnosis and management of common Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (CRSWDs) in older adults. Recent Findings: Addressing CRSWDs and other prevalent sleep disorders is essential for promoting healthy aging and improving the quality of life for older adults, potentially mitigating risks for cognitive decline and cardiovascular complications. Summary: CRSWDs are likely underdiagnosed, and rates are higher in individuals with psychiatric diagnoses. CRSWDs and insomnia can be difficult to differentiate due to similar symptoms and potential co-occurrence. Melatonin and light therapy remain the mainstays of treatment, along improved sleep hygiene, while hypnotic medications are generally discouraged in older adults. The current literature reveals a notable deficiency in robust epidemiological studies focusing on sleep disorders in older adults, hindering the development of targeted interventions and potentially exacerbating age-related health conditions.