Child survival gains in Tanzania: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys

Background: A recent national survey in Tanzania reported that mortality in children younger than 5 years dropped by 24% over the 5 years between 2000 and 2004. We aimed to investigate yearly changes to identify what might have contributed to this reduction and to investigate the prospects for meeting the Millennium Development Goal for child survival (MDG 4). Methods: We analysed data from the four demographic and health surveys done in Tanzania since 1990 to generate estimates of mortality in children younger than 5 years for every 1-year period before each survey back to 1990. We estimated trends in mortality between 1990 and 2004 by fitting Lowess regression, and forecasted trends in mortality in 2005 to 2015. We aimed to investigate contextual factors, whether part of Tanzania's health system or not, that could have affected child mortality. Findings: Disaggregated estimates of mortality showed a sharp acceleration in the reduction in mortality in children younger than 5 years in Tanzania between 2000 and 2004. In 1990, the point estimate of mortality was 141·5 (95% CI 141·5-141·5) deaths per 1000 livebirths. This was reduced by 40%, to reach a point estimate of 83·2 (95% CI 70·1-96·3) deaths per 1000 livebirths in 2004. The change in absolute risk was 58·4 (95% CI 32·7-83·8; p