@article{f992b85b05d64b71996c829240242e09,
title = "Changes in metabolic risk factors over 10 years and their associations with late-life cognitive performance: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis",
abstract = "Background We examined whether changes in metabolic factors over 10 years were associated with cognitive performance. Methods Participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis were followed since baseline (2000–2002) with five clinical examinations. At exam 5 (2010–2012), they received a short cognitive battery (Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument [CASI], Digit Symbol Coding [DSC], and Digit Span [DS]). We examined associations between baseline metabolic factors and their changes over time before cognitive testing. Results Among 4392 participants, baseline metabolic disorders (fasting glucose, systolic and diastolic blood pressures) were significantly associated with poorer CASI, DSC, and DS scores measured 10 years later. Increases in blood pressure were associated with lower cognitive performance. Results did not differ by race/ethnicity and were stronger among those without the APOE ε4 allele. Conclusions Cognitive performance was associated with antecedent abnormalities in glucose metabolism and blood pressure increases. Findings appeared stronger among APOE ε4-negative participants.",
keywords = "Brain, Cognitive function, Metabolic disorders, Metabolism",
author = "Hughes, {Timothy M.} and Suzanne Craft and Baker, {Laura D.} and Espeland, {Mark A.} and Rapp, {Stephen R.} and Sink, {Kaycee M.} and Bertoni, {Alain G.} and Burke, {Gregory L.} and Gottesman, {Rebecca F.} and Michos, {Erin D.} and Luchsinger, {Jos{\'e} A.} and Fitzpatrick, {Annette L.} and Hayden, {Kathleen M.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by contracts HHSN268201500003I, N01-HC-95159, N01-HC-95160, N01-HC-95161, N01-HC-95162, N01-HC-95163, N01-HC-95164, N01-HC-95165, N01-HC-95166, N01-HC-95167, N01-HC-95168, and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; by grants UL1-TR-000040 and UL1-TR-001079 from NCRR; and by K24AG045334 from NIA. The authors thank the other investigators, the staff, and the participants of the MESA study for their valuable contributions. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org. The analyses of these data were supported by the P30 AG049638-01A1 which funds the Wake Forest Alzheimer's Disease Core Center. The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors (T.M.H., L.B., S.C., K.M.S., R.F.G., E.D.M., M.A.E., and K.M.H.) were involved in the planning, study design, article writing, data analysis, and critical revision of the article. The authors (A.G.B., J.A.L., S.R.R., A.L.F., and G.L.B.) were involved in the planning, study design, data acquisition, and critical revision of the article. The role of the sponsor, NHLBI pertained to contract funding of MESA exams 1–5. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors",
year = "2017",
doi = "10.1016/j.dadm.2017.03.003",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "8",
pages = "18--25",
journal = "Alzheimer's and Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment and Disease Monitoring",
issn = "2352-8729",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}