Cataract associated with intraocular tumors

Cataracts are cloudy or opaque areas in the lens that should otherwise be clear. They result in changes that can impair vision. Cataracts can be secondary to age and mechanical, chemical, or radiation trauma. They are the single largest cause of blindness in the world accounting for over 47 % of blindness worldwide. Intraocular tumors are a rare but important cause of cataract, and the presence of intraocular tumor as an underlying cause should be excluded when the cataract is unilateral, total, sectoral, or posterior subcapsular without obvious cause such as trauma, inflammation, or steroid use. The cataract may be caused by the tumor itself or by previous interventions to diagnose (biopsy) or treat (steroids, excision, radiation, chemotherapy) the intraocular tumor. In the case of a poor view on funduscopy, the clinician must rely on thorough examination techniques and ancillary tests such as ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy to determine the presence and extent of an intraocular tumor. It is important to remember that the management of patients with intraocular tumors is complex, sometimes controversial, and in some instances the tumor may have been treated with unfamiliar techniques. In this chapter we will discuss the various treatment-related causes of cataracts, specific tumor entities associated with cataracts, and special considerations for the management of cataracts in patients with intraocular tumors.