Cancer-stromal cell interactions mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors promote angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

140 Scopus citations

Abstract

Interactions between cancer cells and stromal cells, including blood vessel endothelial cells (BECs), lymphatic vessel endothelial cells (LECs), bone marrow-derived angiogenic cells (BMDACs) and other bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) play important roles in cancer progression. Intratumoral hypoxia, which affects both cancer and stromal cells, is associated with a significantly increased risk of metastasis and mortality in many human cancers. Recent studies have begun to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of intratumoral hypoxia on cancer progression. Reduced O 2 availability induces the activity of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), which activate the transcription of target genes encoding proteins that play important roles in many critical aspects of cancer biology. Included among these are secreted factors, including angiopoietin 2, angiopoietin-like 4, placental growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor B, stem cell factor (kit ligand), stromal-derived factor 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor. These factors are produced by hypoxic cancer cells and directly mediate functional interactions with BECs, LECs, BMDACs and other BMDCs that promote angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and LOX-like proteins, which are secreted by hypoxic breast cancer cells, remodel extracellular matrix in the lungs, which leads to BMDC recruitment and metastatic niche formation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)4057-4063
Number of pages7
JournalOncogene
Volume32
Issue number35
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 29 2013

Keywords

  • breast cancer
  • extravasation
  • intravasation
  • lung metastasis
  • lymph node
  • lymphatic metastasis
  • metastatic niche formation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Research

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