TY - JOUR
T1 - Cancer immunotherapy
T2 - Opportunities and challenges in the rapidly evolving clinical landscape
AU - Emens, Leisha A.
AU - Ascierto, Paolo A.
AU - Darcy, Phillip K.
AU - Demaria, Sandra
AU - Eggermont, Alexander M.M.
AU - Redmond, William L.
AU - Seliger, Barbara
AU - Marincola, Francesco M.
N1 - Funding Information:
LAE has/had consultant and advisory roles for Roche-Genentech, Celgene, Vaccinex, Astrazeneca, Amgen, Syndax, Molecuvax, and Peregrine and has received research funds from Roche-Genentech, EMD Serono, Maxcyte, Astrazeneca, Aduro, Corvus, and the Breast Cancer Research Foundation. PAA has/had consultant and advisory role for Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Roche-Genentech, Novartis, Inc, Amgen, Array, Merck Serono, Pierre Fabre and received research funds from Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche-Genentech, and Array. SD has/had consultant and/or advisory roles for Eisai, Inc, Lytix Biopharma, Nanobiotix, and EMD Serono. AME has/had consultant and/or advisory roles for Actelion, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, HalioDx, Novartis, Agenus, Sanofi, GlaxoSmith Kline, and Pfizer. WLR has received commercial research grants, consulting fees, and/or royalties from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Galectin Therapeutics, IRX Therapeutics, Tesaro, and Nektar Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/8
Y1 - 2017/8
N2 - Cancer immunotherapy is now established as a powerful way to treat cancer. The recent clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade (antagonists of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1) highlights both the universal power of treating the immune system across tumour types and the unique features of cancer immunotherapy. Immune-related adverse events, atypical clinical response patterns, durable responses, and clear overall survival benefit distinguish cancer immunotherapy from cytotoxic cancer therapy. Combination immunotherapies that transform non-responders to responders are under rapid development. Current challenges facing the field include incorporating immunotherapy into adjuvant and neoadjuvant cancer therapy, refining dose, schedule and duration of treatment and developing novel surrogate endpoints that accurately capture overall survival benefit early in treatment. As the field rapidly evolves, we must prioritise the development of biomarkers to guide the use of immunotherapies in the most appropriate patients. Immunotherapy is already transforming cancer from a death sentence to a chronic disease for some patients. By making smart, evidence-based decisions in developing next generation immunotherapies, cancer should become an imminently treatable, curable and even preventable disease.
AB - Cancer immunotherapy is now established as a powerful way to treat cancer. The recent clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade (antagonists of CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1) highlights both the universal power of treating the immune system across tumour types and the unique features of cancer immunotherapy. Immune-related adverse events, atypical clinical response patterns, durable responses, and clear overall survival benefit distinguish cancer immunotherapy from cytotoxic cancer therapy. Combination immunotherapies that transform non-responders to responders are under rapid development. Current challenges facing the field include incorporating immunotherapy into adjuvant and neoadjuvant cancer therapy, refining dose, schedule and duration of treatment and developing novel surrogate endpoints that accurately capture overall survival benefit early in treatment. As the field rapidly evolves, we must prioritise the development of biomarkers to guide the use of immunotherapies in the most appropriate patients. Immunotherapy is already transforming cancer from a death sentence to a chronic disease for some patients. By making smart, evidence-based decisions in developing next generation immunotherapies, cancer should become an imminently treatable, curable and even preventable disease.
KW - Cancer immunotherapy
KW - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)
KW - Immune checkpoint blockade
KW - Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)
KW - Programmed death-1 (PD-1)
KW - Tumour immunity
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.01.035
DO - 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.01.035
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28623775
AN - SCOPUS:85020514166
SN - 0959-8049
VL - 81
SP - 116
EP - 129
JO - European Journal of Cancer
JF - European Journal of Cancer
ER -