TY - JOUR
T1 - Breast milk retinol concentrations are not associated with systemic inflammation among breast-feeding women in Malawi
AU - Dancheck, Barbara
AU - Nussenblatt, Veronique
AU - Ricks, Michelle O.
AU - Kumwenda, Newton
AU - Neville, Margaret C.
AU - Moncrief, Dana T.
AU - Taha, Taha E.
AU - Semba, Richard D.
PY - 2005/2
Y1 - 2005/2
N2 - The acute phase response and inflammation are associated with lower plasma retinol concentrations, but their effect on breast milk retinol concentrations is unclear. We measured plasma retinol concentrations, acute phase proteins, and breast milk retinol concentrations in 237 breast-feeding women at 2 wk postpartum in Blantyre, Malawi; 16.5% of the women had plasma retinol < 0.70 μmol/L. and 14.8% had breast milk retinol < 1.05 μmol/L. Among women with and without inflammation [α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) > 1 g/L and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) > 5 mg/L], geometric mean (95% Cl) plasma retinol was 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) and 1.05 (1.01, 1.17) μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.0001). Among women with and without inflammation, geometric mean (95% Cl) breast milk retinol was 2.12 (1.89, 2.36) and 2.05 (1.75, 2.39) μmol/L, respectively (P = 0.74). In multiple linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, education, BMI, and days postpartum, plasma retinol concentrations were associated with plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively), whereas breast milk retinol concentrations were unaffected by plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P = 0.22 and P = 0.86, respectively). These findings suggest that breast milk retinol concentrations are not affected by systemic inflammation.
AB - The acute phase response and inflammation are associated with lower plasma retinol concentrations, but their effect on breast milk retinol concentrations is unclear. We measured plasma retinol concentrations, acute phase proteins, and breast milk retinol concentrations in 237 breast-feeding women at 2 wk postpartum in Blantyre, Malawi; 16.5% of the women had plasma retinol < 0.70 μmol/L. and 14.8% had breast milk retinol < 1.05 μmol/L. Among women with and without inflammation [α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) > 1 g/L and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) > 5 mg/L], geometric mean (95% Cl) plasma retinol was 0.89 (0.84, 0.94) and 1.05 (1.01, 1.17) μmol/L, respectively (P < 0.0001). Among women with and without inflammation, geometric mean (95% Cl) breast milk retinol was 2.12 (1.89, 2.36) and 2.05 (1.75, 2.39) μmol/L, respectively (P = 0.74). In multiple linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, education, BMI, and days postpartum, plasma retinol concentrations were associated with plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively), whereas breast milk retinol concentrations were unaffected by plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P = 0.22 and P = 0.86, respectively). These findings suggest that breast milk retinol concentrations are not affected by systemic inflammation.
KW - Acute phase response
KW - Inflammation
KW - Milk
KW - Retinol
KW - Vitamin A deficiency
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U2 - 10.1093/jn/135.2.223
DO - 10.1093/jn/135.2.223
M3 - Article
C2 - 15671217
AN - SCOPUS:13244279399
SN - 0022-3166
VL - 135
SP - 223
EP - 226
JO - Journal of Nutrition
JF - Journal of Nutrition
IS - 2
ER -