TY - JOUR
T1 - Body mass estimation in hominoids
T2 - Age and locomotor effects
AU - Burgess, M. Loring
AU - McFarlin, Shannon C.
AU - Mudakikwa, Antoine
AU - Cranfield, Michael R.
AU - Ruff, Christopher B.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the curators and staff at the Smithsonian Institution, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Powell-Cotton Museum, and Swedish Museum of Natural History for access to specimens in their care. We also thank Bill Jungers, Daniela Kalthoff, and Keely Arbenz-Smith for their help with body masses. We thank the Rwandan government for permission to study skeletal remains curated by the Mountain Gorilla Skeletal Project (MGSP) and for use of body mass data. The MGSP Collection has been made possible by funding from the National Science Foundation ( BCS 0852866 , BCS 0964944 ), National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration ( 8486-08 ), and The Leakey Foundation , infrastructural support from the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (DFGFI) , and the continuous efforts of researchers, staff, and students from the Rwanda Development Board's Department of Tourism and Conservation, Gorilla Doctors, DFGFI, The George Washington University, New York University College of Dentistry, Institute of National Museums of Rwanda, and other universities in Rwanda and the U.S.A. This research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF BCS 0964944 , 1315104 ) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (# 8657 ).
Funding Information:
The authors thank the curators and staff at the Smithsonian Institution, Royal Museum of Central Africa, Powell-Cotton Museum, and Swedish Museum of Natural History for access to specimens in their care. We also thank Bill Jungers, Daniela Kalthoff, and Keely Arbenz-Smith for their help with body masses. We thank the Rwandan government for permission to study skeletal remains curated by the Mountain Gorilla Skeletal Project (MGSP) and for use of body mass data. The MGSP Collection has been made possible by funding from the National Science Foundation (BCS 0852866, BCS 0964944), National Geographic Society's Committee for Research and Exploration (8486-08), and The Leakey Foundation, infrastructural support from the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International (DFGFI), and the continuous efforts of researchers, staff, and students from the Rwanda Development Board's Department of Tourism and Conservation, Gorilla Doctors, DFGFI, The George Washington University, New York University College of Dentistry, Institute of National Museums of Rwanda, and other universities in Rwanda and the U.S.A. This research was funded by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF BCS 0964944, 1315104) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (#8657).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2018/2
Y1 - 2018/2
N2 - While there are a number of methods available for estimation of body mass in adult nonhuman primates, very few are available for juveniles, despite the potential utility of such estimations in both analyses of fossils and in museum collection based research. Furthermore, because of possible scaling differences, adult based body mass estimation equations may not be appropriate for non-adults. In this study, we present new body mass estimation equations for both adult and immature nonhuman hominoids based on joint and metaphyseal dimensions. Articular breadths of the proximal and distal femur, distal humerus and tibial plateau, and metaphyseal breadths of the distal femur and humerus were collected on a reference sample of 159 wild Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobates, and Symphalangus specimens of known body mass from museum and research collections. Scaling of dimensions with body weight was assessed in both the adult and the ontogenetic sample at several taxonomic levels using reduced major axis regression, followed by regression of each dimension against body mass to generate body mass estimation equations. Joint dimensions were found to be good predictors of body mass in both adult and immature hominoids, with percent prediction errors of 10–20%. However, subtle scaling differences between taxa impacted body mass estimation, suggesting that phylogeny and locomotor effects should be considered when selecting reference samples. Unlike patterns of joint growth in humans, there was little conclusive evidence for consistently larger joints relative to body mass in the non-adult sample. Metaphyseal breadths were strong predictors of body mass and, with some exceptions, gave more precise body mass estimates for non-adults than epiphyseal breadths.
AB - While there are a number of methods available for estimation of body mass in adult nonhuman primates, very few are available for juveniles, despite the potential utility of such estimations in both analyses of fossils and in museum collection based research. Furthermore, because of possible scaling differences, adult based body mass estimation equations may not be appropriate for non-adults. In this study, we present new body mass estimation equations for both adult and immature nonhuman hominoids based on joint and metaphyseal dimensions. Articular breadths of the proximal and distal femur, distal humerus and tibial plateau, and metaphyseal breadths of the distal femur and humerus were collected on a reference sample of 159 wild Pan, Gorilla, Pongo, Hylobates, and Symphalangus specimens of known body mass from museum and research collections. Scaling of dimensions with body weight was assessed in both the adult and the ontogenetic sample at several taxonomic levels using reduced major axis regression, followed by regression of each dimension against body mass to generate body mass estimation equations. Joint dimensions were found to be good predictors of body mass in both adult and immature hominoids, with percent prediction errors of 10–20%. However, subtle scaling differences between taxa impacted body mass estimation, suggesting that phylogeny and locomotor effects should be considered when selecting reference samples. Unlike patterns of joint growth in humans, there was little conclusive evidence for consistently larger joints relative to body mass in the non-adult sample. Metaphyseal breadths were strong predictors of body mass and, with some exceptions, gave more precise body mass estimates for non-adults than epiphyseal breadths.
KW - Allometry
KW - Apes
KW - Articulations
KW - Body weight
KW - Locomotion
KW - Ontogeny
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85027273187&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.004
DO - 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 28802725
AN - SCOPUS:85027273187
SN - 0047-2484
VL - 115
SP - 36
EP - 46
JO - Journal of Human Evolution
JF - Journal of Human Evolution
ER -