Basic Principles of the Aging Process with Endocrine and Nutritional Implications, Aging and Disease in Endocrinology

Chapter briefly explores the biological basis of human aging, as a process primarily based on wear and regulatory responses. Senescent cells are a new research target. Physiological aging is characterized by changes in hormonal secretion and target organ response. Menopause is a well-defined change. There are also a functional decline in GH-IGF-1 secretion, hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone production. We summarize the problems and risks of hormones administration for age-related hormonal reductions. Testosterone replacement is just recommended in male organic hypogonadism; adult GH therapy is only indicated in selected patients with central GH deficiency. Temporary menopausal hormone therapy is used exclusively for menopausal symptoms. Hormonal administration must have the therapeutic purpose of treating a disease. Antiaging medicine is against scientific experience to date, since aging is a physiological process, irreversible and inevitable. Elderly may have reduced clinical manifestations. Replacement therapy can act on aged organs differently than in younger subjects. Body composition changes and polypharmacy can affect hormonal therapy of endocrinopathies.