TY - JOUR
T1 - Atrial septal defects – Clinical manifestations, echo assessment, and intervention
AU - Martin, Seth S.
AU - Shapiro, Edward P.
AU - Mukherjee, Monica
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© the authors, publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Limited.
PY - 2015/3/23
Y1 - 2015/3/23
N2 - Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital abnormality that occurs in the form of ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosus, and rarely, coronary sinus defects. Pathophysiologic consequences of ASDs typically begin in adulthood, and include arrhythmia, paradoxical embolism, cerebral abscess, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular failure. Two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography with Doppler is a central aspect of the evaluation. This noninvasive imaging modality often establishes the diagnosis and provides critical information guiding intervention. A comprehensive echocardiogram includes evaluation of anatomical ASD characteristics, flow direction, associated abnormalities (eg, anomalous pulmonary veins), right ventricular anatomy and function, pulmonary pressures, and the pulmonary/systemic flow ratio. The primary indication for ASD closure is right heart volume overload, whether symptoms are present or not. ASD closure may also be reasonable in other contexts, such as paradoxical embolism. ASD type and local clinical expertise guide choice of a percutaneous versus surgical approach to ASD closure.
AB - Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital abnormality that occurs in the form of ostium secundum, ostium primum, sinus venosus, and rarely, coronary sinus defects. Pathophysiologic consequences of ASDs typically begin in adulthood, and include arrhythmia, paradoxical embolism, cerebral abscess, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular failure. Two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography with Doppler is a central aspect of the evaluation. This noninvasive imaging modality often establishes the diagnosis and provides critical information guiding intervention. A comprehensive echocardiogram includes evaluation of anatomical ASD characteristics, flow direction, associated abnormalities (eg, anomalous pulmonary veins), right ventricular anatomy and function, pulmonary pressures, and the pulmonary/systemic flow ratio. The primary indication for ASD closure is right heart volume overload, whether symptoms are present or not. ASD closure may also be reasonable in other contexts, such as paradoxical embolism. ASD type and local clinical expertise guide choice of a percutaneous versus surgical approach to ASD closure.
KW - Atrial septal defect
KW - Coronary sinus defect
KW - Echoca
KW - Ostium primum defect
KW - Ostium secundum defect
KW - Sinus venosus defect
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U2 - 10.4137/CMC.S15715
DO - 10.4137/CMC.S15715
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25861226
AN - SCOPUS:84962910963
SN - 1179-5468
VL - 8
SP - 93
EP - 98
JO - Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology
JF - Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology
ER -