Atrial fibrillation, cognitive impairment, and neuroimaging

Introduction: The objective of our study was to investigate cross-sectional associations of atrial fibrillation with neuroimaging measures of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease and their interactions with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans of individuals from a population-based study were analyzed for infarctions, total gray matter, and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes. A subsample underwent positron emission tomography imaging. Results: Atrial fibrillation was associated with infarctions and lower total gray matter volume. Compared with subjects with no atrial fibrillation and no infarction, the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) for MCI was 2.99 (1.57-5.70;. P = .001) among participants with atrial fibrillation and infarction, 0.90 (0.45-1.80;. P = .77) for atrial fibrillation and no infarction, and 1.50 (0.96-2.34;. P = .08) for no atrial fibrillation and any infarction. Discussion: Participants with both atrial fibrillation and infarction are more likely to have MCI than participants with either infarction or atrial fibrillation alone.