TY - JOUR
T1 - Associations between dietary energy density and obesity
T2 - A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
AU - Rouhani, Mohammad Hossein
AU - Haghighatdoost, Fahimeh
AU - Surkan, Pamela J.
AU - Azadbakht, Leila
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors appreciate the financial support for this study provided by the Research Council of the Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2016/10/1
Y1 - 2016/10/1
N2 - Objective Although many studies have shown an association between dietary energy density (DED) and obesity, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively review and summarize the literature on association between DED and obesity. Methods We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords of articles indexed in ScienceDirect, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases until January 2015 to identify eligible studies. We excluded studies that did not examine DED for whole diet and studies that included patients with cancer, pregnant women, the elderly (>60 y old), and children (<2 y old). There were no language or publication date restrictions. Results Of the 37 studies included in this review, most articles reported a direct association between DED and obesity. We performed a meta-analysis on 23 of these studies. In comparison with the lowest NTILE of DED, subjects in the highest NTILE of DED had significant weight gain (2.26 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–3.53), greater adjusted mean body mass index (BMI) (0.50 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.02–0.98 for males and 0.85 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.51–1.19 for females), and risk of excess adiposity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04–1.55). We did not observe significant associations between DED and risk of elevated BMI (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.27) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.19–7.38). We found no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion The present review showed that DED was directly associated with risk of excess adiposity, higher weight change, and BMI. Lower DED should be considered a prevention strategy for obesity.
AB - Objective Although many studies have shown an association between dietary energy density (DED) and obesity, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively review and summarize the literature on association between DED and obesity. Methods We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords of articles indexed in ScienceDirect, ProQuest, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases until January 2015 to identify eligible studies. We excluded studies that did not examine DED for whole diet and studies that included patients with cancer, pregnant women, the elderly (>60 y old), and children (<2 y old). There were no language or publication date restrictions. Results Of the 37 studies included in this review, most articles reported a direct association between DED and obesity. We performed a meta-analysis on 23 of these studies. In comparison with the lowest NTILE of DED, subjects in the highest NTILE of DED had significant weight gain (2.26 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–3.53), greater adjusted mean body mass index (BMI) (0.50 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.02–0.98 for males and 0.85 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.51–1.19 for females), and risk of excess adiposity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04–1.55). We did not observe significant associations between DED and risk of elevated BMI (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.27) and abdominal obesity (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.19–7.38). We found no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion The present review showed that DED was directly associated with risk of excess adiposity, higher weight change, and BMI. Lower DED should be considered a prevention strategy for obesity.
KW - Abdominal obesity
KW - Body fat
KW - Energy density
KW - Obesity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84969960083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84969960083&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.017
DO - 10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.017
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27238958
AN - SCOPUS:84969960083
SN - 0899-9007
VL - 32
SP - 1037
EP - 1047
JO - Nutrition
JF - Nutrition
IS - 10
ER -