@article{377c2f4ec3a04d5bb2dcfa165d81a22a,
title = "Associations between alcohol and cigarette use and type 1 and 2 myocardial infarction among people with HIV",
abstract = "Objectives: People with HIV have a higher risk of myocardial infarction (MI) than the general population, with a greater proportion of type 2 MI (T2MI) due to oxygen demand–supply mismatch compared with type 1 (T1MI) resulting from atherothrombotic plaque disruption. People living with HIV report a greater prevalence of cigarette and alcohol use than do the general population. Alcohol use and smoking as risk factors for MI by type are not well studied among people living with HIV. We examined longitudinal associations between smoking and alcohol use patterns and MI by type among people living with HIV. Design and Methods: Using longitudinal data from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort, we conducted time-updated Cox proportional hazards models to determine the impact of smoking and alcohol consumption on adjudicated T1MI and T2MI. Results: Among 13 506 people living with HIV, with a median 4 years of follow-up, we observed 177 T1MI and 141 T2MI. Current smoking was associated with a 60% increase in risk of both T1MI and T2MI. In addition, every cigarette smoked per day was associated with a 4% increase in risk of T1MI, with a suggestive, but not significant, 2% increase for T2MI. Cigarette use had a greater impact on T1MI for men than for women and on T2MI for women than for men. Increasing alcohol use was associated with a lower risk of T1MI but not T2MI. Frequency of heavy episodic alcohol use was not associated with MI. Conclusions: Our findings reinforce the prioritization of smoking reduction, even without cessation, and cessation among people living with HIV for MI prevention and highlight the different impacts on MI type by gender.",
keywords = "HIV, alcohol use, binge drinking, people with HIV, smoking, type 1 myocardial infarction, type 2 myocardial infarction",
author = "Drumright, {Lydia N.} and Nance, {Robin M.} and Ruderman, {Stephanie A.} and Jimmy Ma and Whitney, {Bridget M.} and Andrew Hahn and Fredericksen, {Rob J.} and Brandon Luu and Lober, {William B.} and Moore, {Richard D.} and Budoff, {Matthew J.} and Keruly, {Jeanne C.} and Katerina Christopoulos and Sarah Puryear and Amanda Willig and Karen Cropsey and Mathews, {William C.} and Edward Cachay and Laura Bamford and Eron, {Joseph J.} and Sonia Napravnik and Mayer, {Kenneth H.} and Conall O'Cleirigh and Mccaul, {Mary E.} and Geetanjali Chander and Feinstein, {Matthew J.} and Saag, {Michael S.} and Kitahata, {Mari M.} and Heckbert, {Susan R.} and Crane, {Heidi M.} and Delaney, {Joseph A.C.}",
note = "Funding Information: National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Grant/Award Number: R01 HL126538; National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Grant/Award Numbers: U01AA020802, U01AA020793, U24AA020801; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Grant/Award Numbers: P30 AI094189, P30 AI050410, P30 AI027767, P30 AI027757, R24 AI067039; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), Grant/Award Numbers: R01DA044112, R01DA047045; National Institute on Aging (NIA), Grant/Award Number: R33AG067069 Funding information Funding Information: This study was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) [R01 HL126538]; the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) [U24AA020801, U01AA020793, and U01AA020802], the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [CNICS R24 AI067039; UW CFAR NIAID grant P30 AI027757; UAB CFAR grant P30 AI027767; UNC CFAR grant P30 AI050410; and JHU CFAR grant P30 AI094189], the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) [R01DA047045 and R01DA044112], and the National Institute on Aging (NIA) [R33AG067069]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. HIV Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British HIV Association.",
year = "2023",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1111/hiv.13466",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "24",
pages = "703--715",
journal = "HIV Medicine",
issn = "1464-2662",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "6",
}