Association of GYS1 and β₃-AR gene with postprandial hyperglycemia and serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective. To determine the relationships of Met416Val and Xbal polymorphism of muscle glycogen synthase (GYS1) gene and Trg64Arg variant of the β₃-adrenergic-receptor (β₃-AR) gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its intermediate phenotypes in the Chinese population. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction-oligonucleotide ligation assay and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay were used to evaluate the GYS1 and β₃-AR gene polymorphisms in 102 pairs of case-control Chinese spouses. Results. Subjects with Met416Val variant had a significantly higher 2-hour post-glucose level than subjects without this variant had in diabetic group ( P = 0.032). The Met416Val polymorphism of GYS1 gene was not significantly associated with the risk of type 2 DM (adjusted OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 0.73 - 3.81 , P = 0.223). Subjects with Trp64Arg variant had a significantly higher serum uric acid level than subjects without this variant had in diabetic group (P = 0.034). The combination of BMI and Arg64 allele carrier of the β₃-AR gene increased the diabetic risk over four-fold (adjusted OR = 4.00; 95% CI: 1.53 - 10.45, P = 0.005). Conclusions. In the Chinese population, Met416Val polymorphism is identified in a subgroup of diabetic subjects with high 2-hour post-glucose. It will explain why some diabetic patients appear to be genetically predisposed to developing high postpradial glucose level. The presence of the Arg64 allele in the β₃-AR gene may predispose patients to higher serum uric acid level.