Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Perinatal Maternal Depression with Early Childhood Behavioral Problems: An Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Study

Lauren C. Shuffrey, Santiago Morales, Melanie H. Jacobson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Akhgar Ghassabian, Amy E. Margolis, Maristella Lucchini, Kecia N. Carroll, Rosa M. Crum, Dana Dabelea, Arielle Deutsch, William P. Fifer, Brandon Goldson, Christine W. Hockett, W. Alex Mason, Lisette T. Jacobson, Thomas G. O'Connor, Nicolò Pini, Yael Rayport, Ayesha SaniaLeonardo Trasande, Rosalind J. Wright, Seonjoo Lee, Catherine Monk

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

This study examined the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms with externalizing, internalizing, and autism spectrum problems on the Preschool Child Behavior Checklist in 2379 children aged 4.12 ± 0.60 (48% female; 47% White, 32% Black, 15% Mixed Race, 4% Asian, <2% American Indian/Alaskan Native, <2% Native Hawaiian; 23% Hispanic). Data were collected from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program from 2009-2021. GDM, prenatal, and postnatal maternal depressive symptoms were each associated with increased child externalizing and internalizing problems. GDM was associated with increased autism behaviors only among children exposed to perinatal maternal depressive symptoms above the median level. Stratified analyses revealed a relation between GDM and child outcomes in males only.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1595-1609
Number of pages15
JournalChild development
Volume94
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Nov 1 2023

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Education
  • Developmental and Educational Psychology
  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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