TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of dietary proteins with serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate in a general population sample
T2 - the CHRIS study
AU - Vukovic, Vladimir
AU - Hantikainen, Essi
AU - Raftopoulou, Athina
AU - Gögele, Martin
AU - Rainer, Johannes
AU - Domingues, Francisco S.
AU - Pramstaller, Peter P.
AU - Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa
AU - Pattaro, Cristian
N1 - Funding Information:
The CHRIS study was funded by the Department of Innovation, Research, and University of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol. To conduct the present research, the Eurac Research Institute for Biomedicine received financial support from Dr. Schär AG / SPA: the funder did not have any role in the study design, analysis plan, results interpretation or manuscript drafting.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Background: Diet is known to affect kidney function. However, population-based studies provide contrasting evidence, resulting in a poor understanding of the effect of proteins from specific foods on kidney health. Methods: We analyzed the effect of total daily protein intake (TDPI) and source-specific daily protein intake (DPI) on fasting serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) cross-sectional study (n = 5889), using the GA2LEN food frequency questionnaire for TDPI and DPI estimation. We fitted multivariable adjusted mixed models of SCr and eGFR on TDPI and DPI quartiles (Q1-Q4) in the overall sample, and after removing individuals with known hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results: Higher TDPI as well as DPI from overall animal sources, fish, and poultry, were associated with higher SCr (trend test p, ptrend < 0.01), with larger effect after excluding individuals with known hypertension, diabetes or CKD. The eGFR was lower at higher TDPI (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI − 2.5, − 0.7; ptrend = 3e−4) and DPI from fish (Q4 vs Q1: − 2.1 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI − 2.9, − 1.20; ptrend = 4.3e−6), overall animal source (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI −2.5, − 0.8), processed meat (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.027), red meat, offal and processed meat (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.015) and poultry (Q4 vs Q1: − 0.9 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.015). Conclusions: TDPI and DPI from specific animal sources were positively associated with SCr and negatively associated with eGFR. Lacking an alternative marker of kidney function, confounding involving muscle mass metabolism cannot be fully excluded. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - Background: Diet is known to affect kidney function. However, population-based studies provide contrasting evidence, resulting in a poor understanding of the effect of proteins from specific foods on kidney health. Methods: We analyzed the effect of total daily protein intake (TDPI) and source-specific daily protein intake (DPI) on fasting serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) cross-sectional study (n = 5889), using the GA2LEN food frequency questionnaire for TDPI and DPI estimation. We fitted multivariable adjusted mixed models of SCr and eGFR on TDPI and DPI quartiles (Q1-Q4) in the overall sample, and after removing individuals with known hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results: Higher TDPI as well as DPI from overall animal sources, fish, and poultry, were associated with higher SCr (trend test p, ptrend < 0.01), with larger effect after excluding individuals with known hypertension, diabetes or CKD. The eGFR was lower at higher TDPI (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI − 2.5, − 0.7; ptrend = 3e−4) and DPI from fish (Q4 vs Q1: − 2.1 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI − 2.9, − 1.20; ptrend = 4.3e−6), overall animal source (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI −2.5, − 0.8), processed meat (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.027), red meat, offal and processed meat (Q4 vs Q1: − 1.4 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.015) and poultry (Q4 vs Q1: − 0.9 ml/min/1.73 m2; ptrend = 0.015). Conclusions: TDPI and DPI from specific animal sources were positively associated with SCr and negatively associated with eGFR. Lacking an alternative marker of kidney function, confounding involving muscle mass metabolism cannot be fully excluded. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
KW - Creatinine
KW - Dietary proteins
KW - Glomerular filtration rate
KW - Kidney function
KW - Protein sources
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U2 - 10.1007/s40620-022-01409-7
DO - 10.1007/s40620-022-01409-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 35930180
AN - SCOPUS:85135447200
SN - 1121-8428
VL - 36
SP - 103
EP - 114
JO - Journal of Nephrology
JF - Journal of Nephrology
IS - 1
ER -