TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of a cystatin C gene variant with cystatin C levels, CKD, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality
AU - O'Seaghdha, Conall M.
AU - Tin, Adrienne
AU - Yang, Qiong
AU - Katz, Ronit
AU - Liu, Yongmei
AU - Harris, Tamara
AU - Astor, Brad
AU - Coresh, Josef
AU - Fox, Caroline S.
AU - Kao, W. H.Linda
AU - Shlipak, Michael G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Support: This research was supported by National Institute on Aging (NIA) contracts N01AG62101 , N01AG62103 , and N01AG62106 . The GWAS was funded by NIA grant 1R01AG032098-01A1 to Wake Forest University Health Sciences and genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). CIDR is fully funded through a federal contract from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to The Johns Hopkins University , contract HHSN268200782096C . This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIA.
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - Background Carriers of the T allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13038305 tend to have lower cystatin C levels and higher cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys). Adjusting for this genetic effect on cystatin C concentrations may improve GFR estimation, reclassify cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and strengthen risk estimates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Study Design Observational. Setting & Population 4 population-based cohorts: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), Cardiovascular Health (CHS), Framingham Heart (FHS), and Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) studies. Predictors We estimated the association of rs13038305 with eGFRcys and serum creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcr) and performed longitudinal analyses of the associations of eGFRcys with mortality and cardiovascular events following adjustment for rs13038305. Outcomes We assessed reclassification by genotype-adjusted eGFRcys across CKD categories: <45, 45-59, 60-89, and ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. We compared mortality and CVD outcomes in those reclassified to a worse eGFRcys category with those unaffected. Results were combined using fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis. Results In 14,645 participants, each copy of the T allele of rs13038305 (frequency, 21%) was associated with a 6.4% lower cystatin C concentration, 5.5-mL/min/1.73 m2 higher eGFRcys, and 36% [95% CI, 29%-41%] lower odds of CKD. Associations with CVD (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14-1.20) and mortality (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19-1.24) per 10-mL/min/1.73 m 2 lower eGFRcys were similar with or without rs13038305 adjustment. 1,134 (7.7%) participants were reclassified to a worse CKD category following rs13038305 adjustment, and rates of CVD and mortality were higher in individuals who were reclassified. However, the overall net reclassification index was not significant for either outcome, at 0.009 (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.022) for mortality and 0.014 (95% CI, 0.0 to 0.028) for CVD. Limitations rs13038305 explains only a small proportion of cystatin C variation. Conclusions Statistical adjustment can correct a genetic bias in GFR estimates based on cystatin C in carriers of the T allele of rs13038305 and result in changes in disease classification. However, on a population level, the effects on overall reclassification of CKD status are modest.
AB - Background Carriers of the T allele of the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs13038305 tend to have lower cystatin C levels and higher cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys). Adjusting for this genetic effect on cystatin C concentrations may improve GFR estimation, reclassify cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and strengthen risk estimates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Study Design Observational. Setting & Population 4 population-based cohorts: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), Cardiovascular Health (CHS), Framingham Heart (FHS), and Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) studies. Predictors We estimated the association of rs13038305 with eGFRcys and serum creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcr) and performed longitudinal analyses of the associations of eGFRcys with mortality and cardiovascular events following adjustment for rs13038305. Outcomes We assessed reclassification by genotype-adjusted eGFRcys across CKD categories: <45, 45-59, 60-89, and ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2. We compared mortality and CVD outcomes in those reclassified to a worse eGFRcys category with those unaffected. Results were combined using fixed-effect inverse-variance meta-analysis. Results In 14,645 participants, each copy of the T allele of rs13038305 (frequency, 21%) was associated with a 6.4% lower cystatin C concentration, 5.5-mL/min/1.73 m2 higher eGFRcys, and 36% [95% CI, 29%-41%] lower odds of CKD. Associations with CVD (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14-1.20) and mortality (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.19-1.24) per 10-mL/min/1.73 m 2 lower eGFRcys were similar with or without rs13038305 adjustment. 1,134 (7.7%) participants were reclassified to a worse CKD category following rs13038305 adjustment, and rates of CVD and mortality were higher in individuals who were reclassified. However, the overall net reclassification index was not significant for either outcome, at 0.009 (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.022) for mortality and 0.014 (95% CI, 0.0 to 0.028) for CVD. Limitations rs13038305 explains only a small proportion of cystatin C variation. Conclusions Statistical adjustment can correct a genetic bias in GFR estimates based on cystatin C in carriers of the T allele of rs13038305 and result in changes in disease classification. However, on a population level, the effects on overall reclassification of CKD status are modest.
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U2 - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.06.015
DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.06.015
M3 - Article
C2 - 23932088
AN - SCOPUS:84896522335
SN - 0272-6386
VL - 63
SP - 16
EP - 22
JO - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
JF - American Journal of Kidney Diseases
IS - 1
ER -