TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessing vaccine introduction and uptake timelines in Gavi-supported countries
T2 - Are introduction timelines accelerating across vaccine delivery platforms?
AU - Luthra, Karuna
AU - Jin, Anna Zimmermann
AU - Vasudevan, Prarthana
AU - Kirk, Karen
AU - Marzetta, Carol
AU - Privor-Dumm, Lois
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), Seattle, WA [OPP 112812].
Funding Information:
Competing interests KL worked at IVAC at the time of analysis and at time of final revision and submission is employed by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. LP-D has received grants from Pfizer, Merck and GSK outside of submitted work.
Publisher Copyright:
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021.
PY - 2021/5/27
Y1 - 2021/5/27
N2 - Background Previous studies identified factors influencing regulatory approval to introduction timelines for individual vaccines. However, introduction and uptake timelines have not been comprehensively assessed across the portfolio of Gavi-supported vaccines. Methods We analysed median times between introduction milestones from vaccine licensure to country introduction and uptake across six vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), three delivery platforms and 69 Gavi-supported countries. Data were gathered from public, partner and manufacturer records. VPDs and prequalified vaccines analysed included Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTwP-HepB-Hib, pentavalent), pneumococcal disease (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV), rotavirus diarrhoea (rotavirus vaccine, RVV), cervical cancer (human papillomavirus vaccine, HPV), polio (inactivated polio vaccine, IPV) and meningococcal meningitis (meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine, MenA). Results Median time from first vaccine licensure to first Gavi-supported country introduction across VPDs at a â 'global level' (Gavi-supported countries) was 5.4 years. Once licensed, MenA vaccines reached first introduction fastest (campaign=0.6 years; routine immunisation (RI)=1.7 years). Most introductions were delayed. Country uptake following first introduction was accelerated for more recently Gavi-supported RI vaccines compared with older ones. Conclusion Factors accelerating timelines across delivery platforms included rapid product prequalifications by WHO, strong initial recommendations by the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, achieving target product profiles on first vaccine licensure within a VPD and completing several VPD milestones at a global level prior to licensure. Milestones required for introduction in Gavi-supported countries should start prior or in parallel to licensure to accelerate uptake of vaccines delivered through diverse delivery platforms.
AB - Background Previous studies identified factors influencing regulatory approval to introduction timelines for individual vaccines. However, introduction and uptake timelines have not been comprehensively assessed across the portfolio of Gavi-supported vaccines. Methods We analysed median times between introduction milestones from vaccine licensure to country introduction and uptake across six vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), three delivery platforms and 69 Gavi-supported countries. Data were gathered from public, partner and manufacturer records. VPDs and prequalified vaccines analysed included Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTwP-HepB-Hib, pentavalent), pneumococcal disease (pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PCV), rotavirus diarrhoea (rotavirus vaccine, RVV), cervical cancer (human papillomavirus vaccine, HPV), polio (inactivated polio vaccine, IPV) and meningococcal meningitis (meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine, MenA). Results Median time from first vaccine licensure to first Gavi-supported country introduction across VPDs at a â 'global level' (Gavi-supported countries) was 5.4 years. Once licensed, MenA vaccines reached first introduction fastest (campaign=0.6 years; routine immunisation (RI)=1.7 years). Most introductions were delayed. Country uptake following first introduction was accelerated for more recently Gavi-supported RI vaccines compared with older ones. Conclusion Factors accelerating timelines across delivery platforms included rapid product prequalifications by WHO, strong initial recommendations by the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization, achieving target product profiles on first vaccine licensure within a VPD and completing several VPD milestones at a global level prior to licensure. Milestones required for introduction in Gavi-supported countries should start prior or in parallel to licensure to accelerate uptake of vaccines delivered through diverse delivery platforms.
KW - health policy
KW - health systems
KW - immunisation
KW - vaccines
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106993572&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85106993572&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005032
DO - 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005032
M3 - Article
C2 - 34045183
AN - SCOPUS:85106993572
SN - 2059-7908
VL - 6
JO - BMJ Global Health
JF - BMJ Global Health
IS - 5
M1 - e005032
ER -