@article{ad18489d24144b7abcf9651b7fc4d533,
title = "APOL1 Long-term Kidney Transplantation Outcomes Network (APOLLO): Design and Rationale",
abstract = "Introduction: Much of the higher risk for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in African American individuals relates to ancestry-specific variation in the apolipoprotein L1 gene (APOL1). Relative to kidneys from European American deceased-donors, kidneys from African American deceased-donors have shorter allograft survival and African American living-kidney donors more often develop ESKD. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)–sponsored APOL1 Long-term Kidney Transplantation Outcomes Network (APOLLO) is prospectively assessing kidney allograft survival from donors with recent African ancestry based on donor and recipient APOL1 genotypes. Methods: APOLLO will evaluate outcomes from 2614 deceased kidney donor-recipient pairs, as well as additional living-kidney donor-recipient pairs and unpaired deceased-donor kidneys. Results: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), Association of Organ Procurement Organizations, American Society of Transplantation, American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics, and nearly all U.S. kidney transplant programs, organ procurement organizations (OPOs), and histocompatibility laboratories are participating in this observational study. APOLLO employs a central institutional review board (cIRB) and maintains voluntary partnerships with OPOs and histocompatibility laboratories. A Community Advisory Council composed of African American individuals with a personal or family history of kidney disease has advised the NIH Project Office and Steering Committee since inception. UNOS is providing data for outcome analyses. Conclusion: This article describes unique aspects of the protocol, design, and performance of APOLLO. Results will guide use of APOL1 genotypic data to improve the assessment of quality in deceased-donor kidneys and could increase numbers of transplanted kidneys, reduce rates of discard, and improve the safety of living-kidney donation.",
keywords = "APOL1, African Americans, chronic kidney disease, graft failure, kidney transplantation, outcomes",
author = "Freedman, {Barry I.} and Moxey-Mims, {Marva M.} and Alexander, {Amir A.} and Astor, {Brad C.} and Birdwell, {Kelly A.} and Bowden, {Donald W.} and Gordon Bowen and Jonathan Bromberg and Craven, {Timothy E.} and Dadhania, {Darshana M.} and Jasmin Divers and Doshi, {Mona D.} and Elling Eidbo and Alessia Fornoni and Gautreaux, {Michael D.} and Gbadegesin, {Rasheed A.} and Gee, {Patrick O.} and Giselle Guerra and Hsu, {Chi yuan} and Iltis, {Ana S.} and Nichole Jefferson and Julian, {Bruce A.} and Klassen, {David K.} and Koty, {Patrick P.} and Langefeld, {Carl D.} and Lentine, {Krista L.} and Lijun Ma and Mannon, {Roslyn B.} and Menon, {Madhav C.} and Sumit Mohan and Moore, {J. Brian} and Barbara Murphy and Newell, {Kenneth A.} and Jonah Odim and Mariella Ortigosa-Goggins and Palmer, {Nicholette D.} and Meyeon Park and Afshin Parsa and Pastan, {Stephen O.} and Poggio, {Emilio D.} and Nishadi Rajapakse and Reeves-Daniel, {Amber M.} and Rosas, {Sylvia E.} and Russell, {Laurie P.} and Deirdre Sawinski and Smith, {S. Carrie} and Mitzie Spainhour and Stratta, {Robert J.} and Weir, {Matthew R.} and Reboussin, {David M.} and Kimmel, {Paul L.} and Brennan, {Daniel C.}",
note = "Funding Information: Support was received from the following National Institutes of Health grants (recipient's affiliations included): 5U01DK116041 (BIF, DMR, RJS, and DWB; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA), 5U01DK116043 (C-yH and MP; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA), 5U01DK116099 (SOP and KAN; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA), 5U01DK116040 (AMR-D, BIF, and RAG; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA), 5U01DK116093 (KAB, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA), 5U01DK116042 (DCB and KLL; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), 5U01DK115997 (BAJ and RBM; University of Alabama School of Medicine in Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA), 5U01DK116095 (JB and MRW; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA), 5U01DK116097 (EDP and MDD; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA), 5U01DK116066 (SM and DS; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA), 5U01DK116092 (BCA, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA), 5U01DK116101 (AF, GG, and MO-G; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA), 5U01DK116102 (SER, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA), 5U01DK116100 (BM and DMD; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA), R01 DK120551 (APOLLO ancillary study) (C-yH, MP, and KLL; University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA), and R01 MD014161 (APOLLO ancillary study) (James Dubois, SM; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA). Organ Procurement Organizations and American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics laboratories face daily operational and financial challenges. Nonetheless, APOLLO reminds us of the transplant community's unwavering devotion to acquire knowledge and improve patient outcomes. The voluntary participation of these organizations is integral to APOLLO's success. The study team is indebted to the members and leadership of these organizations for their selfless contributions to research. APOLLO is registered in clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03615235. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 International Society of Nephrology",
year = "2020",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.ekir.2019.11.022",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "5",
pages = "278--288",
journal = "Kidney International Reports",
issn = "2468-0249",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "3",
}