TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy of human cancer
T2 - Past, present, and future
AU - Chen, Lieping
AU - Han, Xue
PY - 2015/9/1
Y1 - 2015/9/1
N2 - Major progress has been made toward our understanding of the programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/ PD-L1) pathway (referred to as the PD pathway). mAbs are already being used to block the PD pathway to treat human cancers (anti-PD therapy), especially advanced solid tumors. This therapy is based on principles that were discovered through basic research more than a decade ago, but the great potential of this pathway to treat a broad spectrum of advanced human cancers is just now becoming apparent. In this Review, we will briefly review the history and development of anti-PD therapy, from the original benchwork to the most up-To-date clinical results. We will then focus the discussion on three basic principles that define this unique therapeutic approach and highlight how anti-PD therapy is distinct from other immunotherapeutic approaches, namely tumor site immune modulation, targeting tumor-induced immune defects, and repairing ongoing (rather than generating de novo) tumor immunity. We believe that these fundamental principles set the standard for future immunotherapies and will guide our efforts to develop more efficacious and less toxic immune therapeutics to treat human cancers.
AB - Major progress has been made toward our understanding of the programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/ PD-L1) pathway (referred to as the PD pathway). mAbs are already being used to block the PD pathway to treat human cancers (anti-PD therapy), especially advanced solid tumors. This therapy is based on principles that were discovered through basic research more than a decade ago, but the great potential of this pathway to treat a broad spectrum of advanced human cancers is just now becoming apparent. In this Review, we will briefly review the history and development of anti-PD therapy, from the original benchwork to the most up-To-date clinical results. We will then focus the discussion on three basic principles that define this unique therapeutic approach and highlight how anti-PD therapy is distinct from other immunotherapeutic approaches, namely tumor site immune modulation, targeting tumor-induced immune defects, and repairing ongoing (rather than generating de novo) tumor immunity. We believe that these fundamental principles set the standard for future immunotherapies and will guide our efforts to develop more efficacious and less toxic immune therapeutics to treat human cancers.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84941711371&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84941711371&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1172/JCI80011
DO - 10.1172/JCI80011
M3 - Article
C2 - 26325035
AN - SCOPUS:84941711371
SN - 0021-9738
VL - 125
SP - 3384
EP - 3391
JO - Journal of Clinical Investigation
JF - Journal of Clinical Investigation
IS - 9
ER -