TY - JOUR
T1 - Anopheles gambiae immune responses to Sephadex beads
T2 - Involvement of anti-Plasmodium factors in regulating melanization
AU - Warr, Emma
AU - Lambrechts, Louis
AU - Koella, Jacob C.
AU - Bourgouin, Catherine
AU - Dimopoulos, George
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Dr. Y. Dong, Dr. R. Aguilar, and Dr. A. Schwartz for fruitful conversations and suggestions. We acknowledge the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute Gene Array Core facility and thank J.-C. Jacques for technical assistance and the members of the CEPIA for mosquito rearing. This work has been supported by NIH/NIAID Grant 1R01AI061576-01A1, the WHO/TDR, The Ellison Medical Foundation, the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and the French Ministry of Research.
PY - 2006/10
Y1 - 2006/10
N2 - We have performed a global genome expression analysis of mosquito responses to CM-25 Sephadex beads and identified 27 regulated immune genes, including several anti-Plasmodium factors and other components with likely roles in melanization. Silencing of two bead injection responsive genes, TEP1 and LRIM1, which encode proteins known to mediate Plasmodium killing, significantly compromised the ability to melanize the beads. In contrast, silencing of two Plasmodium protective c-type lectins, CTL4 and CTLMA2, did not affect bead melanization. This data suggest that the anti-Plasmodium factors have dual functions, as determinants of both Plasmodium killing and melanization of the parasite and other foreign bodies, while the Plasmodium protective factors are specifically utilized by the parasite for evasion of mosquito defense mechanisms.
AB - We have performed a global genome expression analysis of mosquito responses to CM-25 Sephadex beads and identified 27 regulated immune genes, including several anti-Plasmodium factors and other components with likely roles in melanization. Silencing of two bead injection responsive genes, TEP1 and LRIM1, which encode proteins known to mediate Plasmodium killing, significantly compromised the ability to melanize the beads. In contrast, silencing of two Plasmodium protective c-type lectins, CTL4 and CTLMA2, did not affect bead melanization. This data suggest that the anti-Plasmodium factors have dual functions, as determinants of both Plasmodium killing and melanization of the parasite and other foreign bodies, while the Plasmodium protective factors are specifically utilized by the parasite for evasion of mosquito defense mechanisms.
KW - Anopheles
KW - Innate immunity
KW - Melanization
KW - Sephadex beads
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/33749245128
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/33749245128#tab=citedBy
U2 - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.07.006
DO - 10.1016/j.ibmb.2006.07.006
M3 - Article
C2 - 17027843
AN - SCOPUS:33749245128
SN - 0965-1748
VL - 36
SP - 769
EP - 778
JO - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
JF - Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
IS - 10
ER -