Anemia and Its Severity Is Associated With Worse Postoperative Outcomes Following Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Ankle Fractures

Carlos D. Ortiz-Babilonia, Daniel Badin, Arjun Gupta, Ryan Guilbault, Nigel Hsu, James R. Ficke, Amiethab A. Aiyer

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Ankle fractures are often treated in a nonemergent fashion and therefore offer the chance for treatment of preoperative anemia. Although preoperative anemia has been associated with postoperative morbidity following certain types of orthopaedic procedures, its effect on postoperative outcomes following open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of preoperative anemia on 30-day postoperative outcomes following ankle fracture ORIF. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ASC-NSQIP) registry was queried from 2005 to 2019 for patients undergoing ankle fracture ORIF. Patients were stratified into nonanemic, mildly anemic, and moderately to severely anemic. Univariate analyses were used to assess differences in patient characteristics between cohorts. Multivariate logistic regressions adjusting for these differences were performed to assess the effect of preoperative anemia on 30-day postoperative outcomes. Results: We obtained data for 21 211 patients, of whom 14 931 (70.39%) were not anemic, 3982 (18.77%) were mildly anemic, and 2298 (10.83%) were moderately to severely anemic. After adjustment, mild preoperative anemia was associated with higher odds of any adverse event (P <.001), deep surgical site infections (SSIs; P =.013), sepsis (P =.001), 30-day readmission (P <.001), and extended length of stay (LOS) (P <.001). Similarly, moderate to severe anemia in these patients was also associated with increased odds of any adverse event (P <.001), deep SSIs (P =.003), sepsis (P =.001), readmission (P <.001), and extended LOS (P <.001). Both mild (P =.004) and moderate to severe (P <.001) anemia groups had higher odds of requiring a blood transfusion. Conclusion: Preoperative anemia is associated with an increased risk of adverse postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing ORIF for ankle fractures. Future studies should evaluate whether optimization of hematocrit in these patients results in improved outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1532-1539
Number of pages8
JournalFoot and Ankle International
Volume43
Issue number12
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2022

Keywords

  • ankle fractures
  • internal fixation
  • postoperative outcomes
  • preoperative anemia
  • trauma

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Anemia and Its Severity Is Associated With Worse Postoperative Outcomes Following Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Ankle Fractures'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this