@article{b55204b162c049e29b73ac31bef2d36a,
title = "Analysis of epitope information related to Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum",
abstract = "We have reviewed the information about epitopes of immunological interest from Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus anthracis, by mining the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource. For both pathogens, the vast majority of epitopes reported to date are derived from a single protein: the protective antigen of B. anthracis and the neurotoxin type A of C. botulinum. A detailed analysis of the data was performed to characterize the function, localization and conservancy of epitopes identified as neutralizing and/or protective. In order to broaden the scope of this analysis, we have also included data describing immune responses against defined fragments (over 50 amino acids long) of the relevant antigens. The scarce information on T-cell determinants and on epitopes from other antigens besides the toxins, highlights a gap in our knowledge and identifies areas for future research. Despite this, several distinct structures at the epitope and fragment level are described herein, which could be potential additions to future vaccines or targets of novel immunotherapeutics and diagnostic reagents.",
keywords = "Anthrax toxin, Bacillus anthracis, Botulinum toxin, Clostridium botulinum, Epitope, Therapeutic antibodies, Vaccine",
author = "Zarebski, {Laura M.} and Kerrie Vaughan and John Sidney and Bjoern Peters and Howard Grey and Janda, {Kim D.} and Arturo Casadevall and Alessandro Sette",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the US NIH National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease Contract HHSN26620040006C (Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Program). Arturo Casadevall is supported, in part, by grant 5U54AI057158-05. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. Funding Information: Bioinformatic tools have greatly enhanced our ability to both catalog and analyze vast amounts of scientific data. The performance of meta-analyses from the data can facilitate in-depth evaluation of existing knowledge in a particular area of research [15]. The Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) [101] is a project that is hosted by scientists at the La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology with support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a part of the US NIH. The goal of the IEDB is to compile and present immunological data and analysis tools through a single interface [16]. The scope of the IEDB encompasses structures that are targets of adaptive immunoreceptors of humans and other vertebrates (i.e., of epitopes that are reasonably defined in structural terms). More specifically, the IEDB focuses on the inclusion of peptidic Band T-cell epitopes, either linear or conformational, of less than 50 residues in length and of nonpeptidic epitopes that are less than 5000 Da [17].",
year = "2008",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1586/14760584.7.1.55",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "7",
pages = "55--74",
journal = "Expert review of vaccines",
issn = "1476-0584",
publisher = "Expert Reviews Ltd.",
number = "1",
}