Allium vegetable intake associated with the risk of incident gastric cancer: a continuous follow-up study of a randomized intervention trial

Xiang Qian Su, Zhou Yi Yin, Qiu Yu Jin, Zong Chao Liu, Xuan Han, Zhi Qiang Hu, Lian Zhang, Jun Ling Ma, Zhe Xuan Li, Yang Zhang, Tong Zhou, Wei Dong Liu, Wei Cheng You, Kai Feng Pan, Leiyu Shi, Wen Qing Li

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Background: Allium vegetable components have antibacterial, antioxidative, and immune modulation properties, thus potentially exhibiting antitumor effects. Despite evidence from case-control studies, prospective studies linking allium vegetables with gastric cancer (GC) have been sparse. Objective: In a prospective study, we examined whether allium vegetable intake would change the risk of GC occurrence and whether the associations would be modified by vitamin supplementation, garlic supplementation, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment. Methods: The study was conducted on the basis of the Shandong Intervention Trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled, factorial-designed trial (1995–2003) in a well-recognized high-risk area for GC in China. Participants were continuously followed up to December 2017 for 22.3 y (1995–2017). A total of 3229 subjects were included, with information on the intake of allium vegetables (garlic vegetables and scallions), collected by structured questionnaires in 1994. The associations of total and individual allium vegetable intake with the risk of GC were examined, respectively. Results: During the follow-up, 144 incident cases of GC were identified. Garlic vegetable intake was associated with a decreased risk of incident GC (P-trend = 0.02; OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98, per 1 kg/y increment), whereas scallion intake showed no association (P-trend = 0.80). An inverse association of the risk of GC with total allium vegetable and garlic vegetable intake was particularly stronger among those receiving the placebo for vitamin supplementation or garlic supplementation, indicating potential effect modifications by nutritional supplementation on allium vegetable intake and the risk of developing GC. Similar findings were found for analyses of the combined prevalence of dysplasia or GC. Conclusions: We found a significant reduction in the risk of developing GC with increasing dietary intake of allium vegetables, particularly garlic vegetables. The findings add to the literature on the potential inverse association of garlic vegetable intake with the risk of GC, therefore holding public health implications for dietary recommendations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00339768.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)22-32
Number of pages11
JournalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume117
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 2023

Keywords

  • allium vegetables
  • gastric cancer
  • gastric lesions
  • nutrition supplementation
  • prospective study

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Nutrition and Dietetics
  • Medicine (miscellaneous)

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