Advances of Semiconductor Gas Sensing Materials, Structures, and Algorithms for Breath Analysis

This chapter discusses sensor-array-based devices for breath analysis highlighting electronic noses as a prominent example. The sections within the chapter examine material design advances to demonstrate progress in materials selection and innovative sensor structures. In sum, these advances have contributed to a significant increase in the surface ratio of sensors. This has led to a growth in the number of active sites available for sensors to detect particles within the surrounding environment. Besides, a discussion of parametric resonance and excitation applied to sensor-based breath analysis devices is presented as both a hardware and software improvement. Current sensors have the potential to become more relevant and reliable for clinical diagnosis by utilizing parametric resonance. An analysis of a review on the development of carbon nanomaterials concludes the chapter by discussing the current challenges relating to sensor array devices, machine learning algorithms, and the application of breath analysis as a whole. A further emphasis is placed on the fact that parametric resonance can serve as a smart algorithm to meet those challenges.