Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection

Han Sol Park; Janna R. Shapiro; Ioannis Sitaras; Bezawit A. Woldemeskel; Caroline C. Garliss; Amanda Dziedzic; Jaiprasath Sachithanandham; Anne E. Jedlicka; Christopher A. Caputo; Kimberly E. Rousseau; Manjusha Thakar; San Suwanmanee; Pricila Hauk; Lateef Aliyu; Natalia I. Majewska; Sushmita Koley; Bela Patel; Patrick Broderick; Giselle Mosnaim; Sonya L. Heath; Emily S. Spivak; Aarthi Shenoy; Evan M. Bloch; Thomas J. Gniadek; Shmuel Shoham; Arturo Casadevall; Daniel Hanley; Andrea L. Cox; Oliver Laeyendecker; Michael J. Betenbaugh; Steven M. Cramer; Heba H. Mostafa; Andrew Pekosz; Joel N. Blankson; Sabra L. Klein; Aaron A.R. Tobian; David Sullivan; Kelly A. Gebo

doi:10.1172/jci.insight.155944

Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection

Han Sol Park, Janna R. Shapiro, Ioannis Sitaras, Bezawit A. Woldemeskel, Caroline C. Garliss, Amanda Dziedzic, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, Anne E. Jedlicka, Christopher A. Caputo, Kimberly E. Rousseau, Manjusha Thakar, San Suwanmanee, Pricila Hauk, Lateef Aliyu, Natalia I. Majewska, Sushmita Koley, Bela Patel, Patrick Broderick, Giselle Mosnaim, Sonya L. HeathEmily S. Spivak, Aarthi Shenoy, Evan M. Bloch, Thomas J. Gniadek, Shmuel Shoham, Arturo Casadevall, Daniel Hanley, Andrea L. Cox, Oliver Laeyendecker, Michael J. Betenbaugh, Steven M. Cramer, Heba H. Mostafa, Andrew Pekosz, Joel N. Blankson, Sabra L. Klein, Aaron A.R. Tobian, David Sullivan, Kelly A. Gebo

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Benchmarks for protective immunity from infection or severe disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still being defined. Here, we characterized virus neutralizing and ELISA antibody levels, cellular immune responses, and viral variants in 4 separate groups: Healthy controls (HCs) weeks (early) or months (late) following vaccination in comparison with symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 after partial or full mRNA vaccination. During the period of the study, most symptomatic breakthrough infections were caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant. Neutralizing antibody levels in the HCs were sustained over time against the vaccine parent virus but decreased against the Alpha variant, whereas IgG titers and T cell responses against the parent virus and Alpha variant declined over time. Both partially and fully vaccinated patients with symptomatic infections had lower virus neutralizing antibody levels against the parent virus than the HCs, similar IgG antibody titers, and similar virus-specific T cell responses measured by IFN-γ. Compared with HCs, neutralization activity against the Alpha variant was lower in the partially vaccinated infected patients and tended to be lower in the fully vaccinated infected patients. In this cohort of breakthrough infections, parent virus neutralization was the superior predictor of breakthrough infections with the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	e155944
Journal	JCI Insight
Volume	7
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.155944
State	Published - Mar 8 2022

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Medicine

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10.1172/jci.insight.155944

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Park, H. S., Shapiro, J. R., Sitaras, I., Woldemeskel, B. A., Garliss, C. C., Dziedzic, A., Sachithanandham, J., Jedlicka, A. E., Caputo, C. A., Rousseau, K. E., Thakar, M., Suwanmanee, S., Hauk, P., Aliyu, L., Majewska, N. I., Koley, S., Patel, B., Broderick, P., Mosnaim, G., ... Gebo, K. A. (2022). Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection. JCI Insight, 7(5), Article e155944. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.155944

Park, HS, Shapiro, JR, Sitaras, I, Woldemeskel, BA, Garliss, CC, Dziedzic, A, Sachithanandham, J , Jedlicka, AE, Caputo, CA, Rousseau, KE, Thakar, M, Suwanmanee, S, Hauk, P, Aliyu, L, Majewska, NI, Koley, S, Patel, B, Broderick, P, Mosnaim, G, Heath, SL, Spivak, ES, Shenoy, A, Bloch, EM, Gniadek, TJ, Shoham, S , Casadevall, A , Hanley, D , Cox, AL, Laeyendecker, O, Betenbaugh, MJ, Cramer, SM, Mostafa, HH , Pekosz, A , Blankson, JN , Klein, SL , Tobian, AAR , Sullivan, D & Gebo, KA 2022, 'Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection', JCI Insight, vol. 7, no. 5, e155944. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.155944

@article{22591b011cee4cd1900286ff786f0fe2,

title = "Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection",

abstract = "Benchmarks for protective immunity from infection or severe disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still being defined. Here, we characterized virus neutralizing and ELISA antibody levels, cellular immune responses, and viral variants in 4 separate groups: Healthy controls (HCs) weeks (early) or months (late) following vaccination in comparison with symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 after partial or full mRNA vaccination. During the period of the study, most symptomatic breakthrough infections were caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant. Neutralizing antibody levels in the HCs were sustained over time against the vaccine parent virus but decreased against the Alpha variant, whereas IgG titers and T cell responses against the parent virus and Alpha variant declined over time. Both partially and fully vaccinated patients with symptomatic infections had lower virus neutralizing antibody levels against the parent virus than the HCs, similar IgG antibody titers, and similar virus-specific T cell responses measured by IFN-γ. Compared with HCs, neutralization activity against the Alpha variant was lower in the partially vaccinated infected patients and tended to be lower in the fully vaccinated infected patients. In this cohort of breakthrough infections, parent virus neutralization was the superior predictor of breakthrough infections with the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2.",

author = "Park, {Han Sol} and Shapiro, {Janna R.} and Ioannis Sitaras and Woldemeskel, {Bezawit A.} and Garliss, {Caroline C.} and Amanda Dziedzic and Jaiprasath Sachithanandham and Jedlicka, {Anne E.} and Caputo, {Christopher A.} and Rousseau, {Kimberly E.} and Manjusha Thakar and San Suwanmanee and Pricila Hauk and Lateef Aliyu and Majewska, {Natalia I.} and Sushmita Koley and Bela Patel and Patrick Broderick and Giselle Mosnaim and Heath, {Sonya L.} and Spivak, {Emily S.} and Aarthi Shenoy and Bloch, {Evan M.} and Gniadek, {Thomas J.} and Shmuel Shoham and Arturo Casadevall and Daniel Hanley and Cox, {Andrea L.} and Oliver Laeyendecker and Betenbaugh, {Michael J.} and Cramer, {Steven M.} and Mostafa, {Heba H.} and Andrew Pekosz and Blankson, {Joel N.} and Klein, {Sabra L.} and Tobian, {Aaron A.R.} and David Sullivan and Gebo, {Kelly A.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Park et al.",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1172/jci.insight.155944",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "7",

journal = "JCI Insight",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection

AU - Park, Han Sol

AU - Shapiro, Janna R.

AU - Sitaras, Ioannis

AU - Woldemeskel, Bezawit A.

AU - Garliss, Caroline C.

AU - Dziedzic, Amanda

AU - Sachithanandham, Jaiprasath

AU - Jedlicka, Anne E.

AU - Caputo, Christopher A.

AU - Rousseau, Kimberly E.

AU - Thakar, Manjusha

AU - Suwanmanee, San

AU - Hauk, Pricila

AU - Aliyu, Lateef

AU - Majewska, Natalia I.

AU - Koley, Sushmita

AU - Patel, Bela

AU - Broderick, Patrick

AU - Mosnaim, Giselle

AU - Heath, Sonya L.

AU - Spivak, Emily S.

AU - Shenoy, Aarthi

AU - Bloch, Evan M.

AU - Gniadek, Thomas J.

AU - Shoham, Shmuel

AU - Casadevall, Arturo

AU - Hanley, Daniel

AU - Cox, Andrea L.

AU - Laeyendecker, Oliver

AU - Betenbaugh, Michael J.

AU - Cramer, Steven M.

AU - Mostafa, Heba H.

AU - Pekosz, Andrew

AU - Blankson, Joel N.

AU - Klein, Sabra L.

AU - Tobian, Aaron A.R.

AU - Sullivan, David

AU - Gebo, Kelly A.

PY - 2022/3/8

Y1 - 2022/3/8

N2 - Benchmarks for protective immunity from infection or severe disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still being defined. Here, we characterized virus neutralizing and ELISA antibody levels, cellular immune responses, and viral variants in 4 separate groups: Healthy controls (HCs) weeks (early) or months (late) following vaccination in comparison with symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 after partial or full mRNA vaccination. During the period of the study, most symptomatic breakthrough infections were caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant. Neutralizing antibody levels in the HCs were sustained over time against the vaccine parent virus but decreased against the Alpha variant, whereas IgG titers and T cell responses against the parent virus and Alpha variant declined over time. Both partially and fully vaccinated patients with symptomatic infections had lower virus neutralizing antibody levels against the parent virus than the HCs, similar IgG antibody titers, and similar virus-specific T cell responses measured by IFN-γ. Compared with HCs, neutralization activity against the Alpha variant was lower in the partially vaccinated infected patients and tended to be lower in the fully vaccinated infected patients. In this cohort of breakthrough infections, parent virus neutralization was the superior predictor of breakthrough infections with the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2.

AB - Benchmarks for protective immunity from infection or severe disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still being defined. Here, we characterized virus neutralizing and ELISA antibody levels, cellular immune responses, and viral variants in 4 separate groups: Healthy controls (HCs) weeks (early) or months (late) following vaccination in comparison with symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 after partial or full mRNA vaccination. During the period of the study, most symptomatic breakthrough infections were caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant. Neutralizing antibody levels in the HCs were sustained over time against the vaccine parent virus but decreased against the Alpha variant, whereas IgG titers and T cell responses against the parent virus and Alpha variant declined over time. Both partially and fully vaccinated patients with symptomatic infections had lower virus neutralizing antibody levels against the parent virus than the HCs, similar IgG antibody titers, and similar virus-specific T cell responses measured by IFN-γ. Compared with HCs, neutralization activity against the Alpha variant was lower in the partially vaccinated infected patients and tended to be lower in the fully vaccinated infected patients. In this cohort of breakthrough infections, parent virus neutralization was the superior predictor of breakthrough infections with the Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2.

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ER -

Adaptive immune responses in vaccinated patients with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Alpha infection

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