@article{4dbf1495cec04dceac8afa28b5230714,
title = "Ad26/MVA therapeutic vaccination with TLR7 stimulation in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys",
abstract = "The development of immunologic interventions that can target the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals is a major goal of HIV-1 research. However, little evidence exists that the viral reservoir can be sufficiently targeted to improve virologic control following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Here we show that therapeutic vaccination with Ad26/MVA (recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) prime, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost) and stimulation of TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) improves virologic control and delays viral rebound following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys that began antiretroviral therapy during acute infection. Therapeutic vaccination with Ad26/MVA resulted in a marked increase in the magnitude and breadth of SIV-specific cellular immune responses in virologically suppressed, SIV-infected monkeys. TLR7 agonist administration led to innate immune stimulation and cellular immune activation. The combination of Ad26/MVA vaccination and TLR7 stimulation resulted in decreased levels of viral DNA in lymph nodes and peripheral blood, and improved virologic control and delayed viral rebound following discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. The breadth of cellular immune responses correlated inversely with set point viral loads and correlated directly with time to viral rebound. These data demonstrate the potential of therapeutic vaccination combined with innate immune stimulation as a strategy aimed at a functional cure for HIV-1 infection.",
author = "Borducchi, {Erica N.} and Crystal Cabral and Stephenson, {Kathryn E.} and Jinyan Liu and Peter Abbink and David Ng'ang'a and Nkolola, {Joseph P.} and Brinkman, {Amanda L.} and Lauren Peter and Lee, {Benjamin C.} and Jessica Jimenez and David Jetton and Jade Mondesir and Shanell Mojta and Abishek Chandrashekar and Katherine Molloy and Galit Alter and Gerold, {Jeffrey M.} and Hill, {Alison L.} and Lewis, {Mark G.} and Pau, {Maria G.} and Hanneke Schuitemaker and Joseph Hesselgesser and Romas Geleziunas and Kim, {Jerome H.} and Robb, {Merlin L.} and Michael, {Nelson L.} and Barouch, {Dan H.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank C. Linde, T. Broge, T. Barnes, D. van Manen, F. Wegmann, C. Shaver, W. Wagner, M. Boyd, R. Nityanandam, K. Smith, S. Blackmore, L. Parenteau, P. Giglio, M. Shetty, S. Levin, J. Shields, G. Neubauer, and F. Stephens for generous advice, assistance, and reagents. We acknowledge support from the US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command and the Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research through its cooperative agreement with the Henry M. Jackson Foundation (W81XWH-11-2-0174); the National Institutes of Health (AI096040, AI124377, AI126603, OD019851); the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. Mathematical model fitting was performed on the Orchestra High Performance Compute Cluster at Harvard Medical School. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not represent the official views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.",
year = "2016",
month = dec,
day = "8",
doi = "10.1038/nature20583",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "540",
pages = "284--287",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "7632",
}