TY - JOUR
T1 - Aberrant prefrontal cortical–striatal functional connectivity in children with primary complex motor stereotypies
AU - Augustine, Farhan
AU - Nebel, Mary B.
AU - Mostofsky, Stewart H.
AU - Mahone, E. Mark
AU - Singer, Harvey S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Nesbitt-McMaster Foundation , the Klump Family , the Graves Family and by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health ( R01 MH085328 , R01 MH078160 , R01 MH106564 ), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development ( U54 HD079123 ), and the National Center for Research Resources Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program ( UL RR025005 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Motor stereotypies are rhythmic, repetitive, prolonged, predictable, and purposeless movements that stop with distraction. Although once believed to occur only in children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, the presence and persistence of complex motor stereotypies (CMS) in otherwise typically developing children (primary CMS) has been well-established. Little, however, is known about the underlying pathophysiology of these unwanted actions. The aim of the present study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate functional connectivity within frontal–striatal circuits that are essential for goal-directed and habitual activity in children with primary complex motor stereotypies. Functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical and striatal regions, considered essential for developing goal-directed behaviors, was reduced in children with primary CMS compared to their typically developing peers. In contrast, functional connectivity between motor/premotor and striatal regions, critical for developing and regulating habitual behaviors, did not differ between groups. This documented alteration of prefrontal to striatal connectivity could provide the underlying mechanism for the presence and persistence of complex motor stereotypies in otherwise developmentally normal children.
AB - Motor stereotypies are rhythmic, repetitive, prolonged, predictable, and purposeless movements that stop with distraction. Although once believed to occur only in children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, the presence and persistence of complex motor stereotypies (CMS) in otherwise typically developing children (primary CMS) has been well-established. Little, however, is known about the underlying pathophysiology of these unwanted actions. The aim of the present study was to use resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate functional connectivity within frontal–striatal circuits that are essential for goal-directed and habitual activity in children with primary complex motor stereotypies. Functional connectivity between prefrontal cortical and striatal regions, considered essential for developing goal-directed behaviors, was reduced in children with primary CMS compared to their typically developing peers. In contrast, functional connectivity between motor/premotor and striatal regions, critical for developing and regulating habitual behaviors, did not differ between groups. This documented alteration of prefrontal to striatal connectivity could provide the underlying mechanism for the presence and persistence of complex motor stereotypies in otherwise developmentally normal children.
KW - Frontal–striatal circuitry
KW - Functional connectivity
KW - Goal-directed behavioral pathways
KW - Habitual behavioral pathways
KW - Primary complex motor stereotypies
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U2 - 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.022
DO - 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.05.022
M3 - Article
C2 - 34303880
AN - SCOPUS:85111031361
SN - 0010-9452
VL - 142
SP - 272
EP - 282
JO - Cortex
JF - Cortex
ER -