@article{3c36a08327d844629480c10198248e6c,
title = "A paradigm for examining stress effects on alcohol-motivated behaviors in participants with alcohol use disorder",
abstract = "Although epidemiological research has shown an increase in drinking following stressors and trauma, limited paradigms have been validated to study the relationship between stress and drinking in the human laboratory. The current study developed a progressive ratio (PR) operant procedure to examine the effects of psychosocial stress on alcohol craving and several alcohol-motivated behaviors in persons with alcohol use disorder. Current heavy, nontreatment-seeking drinkers (N = 30) were media-recruited and completed a comprehensive assessment of recent drinking, mood and health. Participants were admitted to the clinical research unit and underwent 4-day, physician-monitored alcohol abstinence. On days 4 and 5, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test or a neutral session in random order followed by the alcohol-motivated response (AMR) procedure in which subjects worked for money or alcohol under a PR operant procedure. Subjects received earned money vouchers or alcohol at the conclusion of the session. The Trier Social Stress Test increased alcohol craving and rate of responding and decreased the number of changeovers between alcohol versus money reinforcers on the PR schedule. There was a positive relationship between alcohol craving and drinks earned during the stress session. This novel paradigm provides an experimental platform to examine motivation to drink without confounding by actual alcohol ingestion during the work session, thereby setting the stage for future studies of alcohol interventions.",
keywords = "alcohol craving, alcohol use disorder, alcohol-motivated responding, human laboratory, stress",
author = "McCaul, {Mary E.} and Wand, {Gary S.} and Weerts, {Elise M.} and Xiaoqiang Xu",
note = "Funding Information: Support: This research was supported by NIH grants U01-AA020890 (Co-PIs: Wand and McCaul), The Kenneth Lattman Foundation and K05AA020342 (PI: Wand). This publication also was made possible by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), which is funded in part by grant number UL1 TR 001079 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the Johns Hopkins ICTR, NCATS or NIH. MEMc and GSW were responsible for the study concept, design and conduct. EMW contributed to the development of the PR procedure and assisted with data collection. XX assisted with data analysis and interpretation of findings. MEMc and GSW wrote the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed content and approved the final version for publication. Funding Information: Support: This research was supported by NIH grants U01-AA020890 (Co-PIs: Wand and McCaul), The Kenneth Lattman Foundation and K05AA020342 (PI: Wand). This publication also was made possible by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), which is funded in part by grant number UL1 TR 001079 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of the Johns Hopkins ICTR, NCATS or NIH. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors.Addiction Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction",
year = "2018",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1111/adb.12511",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "23",
pages = "836--845",
journal = "Addiction Biology",
issn = "1355-6215",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "2",
}