胰腺癌免疫微环境及免疫治疗的前景与展望

The tumor components of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) are composed of immune microenvironment of extracellular matrix, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells together with a minority of malignant cells. The failure of the therapeutic measures, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy,has been linked to the specific immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. By analyzing the components of immune microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, the mechanism of various components in pancreatic cancer such as highly immunosuppressive, hypoxic and connective tissue hyperplasia can be clarified. New efforts in single⁃cell profiling will enable a better understanding of the composition of the microenvironment in primary and metastatic PDAC, as well as an understanding of how the microenvironment may respond to novel therapeutic approaches.